Service without a smile. “Service with a smile” is a slogan that many businesses adhere to. However, there are some jobs (e.g., those of judges, law enforcement officers, pollsters) that require neutrality when dealing with the public. An organization will typically provide “display rules” to guide employees on what emotions they should use when interacting with the public. A Journal of Applied Psychology (Vol. 96, 2011) study compared the results of surveys conducted using two different types of display rules: positive (requiring a strong display of positive emotions) and neutral (maintaining neutral emotions at all times). In this designed experiment, 145 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to either a positive display rule condition 1n1 = 782 or a neutral display rule condition 1n2 = 672. Each participant was trained on how to conduct the survey using the display rules. As a manipulation check, the researchers asked each participant to rate, on a scale of 1 = “strongly agree” to 5 = “strongly disagree,” the statement, “This task requires me to be neutral in my expressions.”

a. If the manipulation of the participants was successful, which group should have the larger mean response? Explain.

b. The data for the study (simulated based on information provided in the journal article) are listed in the table below. Access the data and run an analysis to determine if the manipulation was successful. Conduct a test of hypothesis using a = .05.

c. What assumptions, if any, are required for the inference from the test to be valid? Positive Display Rule: 2 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Neutral Display Rule: 3 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2