Refer to the Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (Aug. 1995) study of the factors that influence the voltage level (y) required to separate water from oil, Exercise 11.27.

a. Consider using only volume (x₁) and salinity (x₂) to predict y. Write the equation of an interaction model for E(y).

b. Fit the interaction model, part a. Give the least-squares prediction equation.
c. Conduct a test (at α = .10) to determine whether volume and salinity interact to affect voltage level.

d. Give the estimated change in voltage (y) for every 1% increase in volume (x₁) when salinity is set at x₂ = 4%.

Data from Exercise 11.27

Refer to the Heat Transfer Engineering (Vol. 34, 2013) study of bubble behavior in subcooled flow boiling, Exercise 11.6. Recall that bubble density (liters per meters squared) was modeled as a function of mass flux (kilograms per meters squared per second) and heat flux (megawatts per meters squared).

Data from Exercise 11.6

In industry cooling applications (e.g., cooling of nuclear reactors), a process called subcooled flow boiling is often employed. Subcooled flow boiling is susceptible to small bubbles which occur near the heated surface. The characteristics of these bubbles were investigated in Heat Transfer Engineering (Vol. 34, 2013). A series of experiments was conducted to measure two important bubble behaviors— bubble diameter (millimeters) and bubble density (liters per meters squared). The mass flux (kilograms per meters squared per second) and heat flux (megawatts per meters squared) were varied for each experiment.

Transcribed Image Text:

BUBBLE2 Bubble Mass Flux Heat Flux Diameter Density 406 0.15 0.64 13103 2 406 0.29 1.02 29117 3 406 0.37 1.15 123021 4 406 0.62 1.26 165969 5 406 0.86 0.91 254777 6. 406 1.00 0.68 347953 811 0.15 0.58 7279 8 811 0.29 0.98 22566 811 0.37 1.02 106278 10 811 0.62 1.17 145587 11 811 0.86 0.86 224204 12 811 1.00 0.59 321019 13 1217 0.15 0.49 5096 14 1217 0.29 0.80 18926 15 1217 0.37 0.93 90992 16 1217 0.62 1.06 112102 17 1217 0.86 0.81 192903 18 1217 1.00 0.43 232211