10.114 A lack of knowledge of a job or profession often results in it being dismissed as a career option. Does knowledge lead to the decision to be an engineer? To investigate this question Hamill and Hodgkinson (Proceedings of ICE, 2003) surveyed 566 11- to 16-year-olds, and classified them by their level of knowledge about engineering and the likelihood of becoming an engineer (see table below). Are the subject knowledge and decision to become an engineer independent? Justify using the 5% error rate.

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Likelihood Level of Knowledge about Engineering of Becoming Nothing Not A Quite A an Engineer at All Much Little a Lot Lot Very unlikely 179 132 53 8 Fairly unlikely 5 44 32 15 Fairly likely Very likely 3 3 43 16 16 9 20 4550 10