12.9 The application of management by objectives

(MBO), a method of performance appraisal, was the object of a study by Shetty and Carlisle of Utah State University (“Organizational Correlates of a Management by Objectives Program,”

Academy of Management Journal, 1974). The study dealt with the reactions of a university faculty to an MBO program. One hundred nine faculty members were asked to comment on whether they thought the MBO program was successful in improving their performance within their respective departments and the university.

Each response was assigned a score from 1 (significant improvement) to 5 (significant decrease).

The following table shows the sample sizes, sample totals, mean scores, and sums of squares of deviations within each sample for samples of scores corresponding to the four academic ranks.

Assume that the four samples can be viewed as independent random samples of scores selected from among the four academic ranks.

a Perform an analysis of variance for the data.

b Arrange the results in an analysis of variance table.

c Do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a difference in mean scores among the four academic ranks? Test by using = 0.05.
d Find a 95% confidence interval for the difference in mean scores between instructors and professors.
e Do the data provide sufficient evidence to indicate a difference in mean scores between nontenured faculty members (instructors and assistant professors) and tenured faculty members (Associate Professors and Professors)?

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Academic Rank Assistant Associate Instructor Professor Professor Professor Sample 15 41 29 24 Size Sample 42.960 145.222 92.249 73.224 Total Sample 2.864 3.542 3.181 3.051 Mean Within- 2.0859 14.0186 7.9247 5.6812 sample Sum of Squared Deviations