13. For each of the following studies, make a chart of the four possible correct and incorrect decisions, and explain what each would mean. (Each chart should be laid out like Table 1, but put into the boxes the possible results, using the names of the variables involved in the study.)

(a) A study of whether infants born prematurely begin to recognize faces later than do infants in general.

(b) A study of whether high school students who receive an AIDS prevention program in their school are more likely to practice safe sex than are other high school students.

(c) A study of whether memory for abstract ideas is reduced if the information is presented in distracting colors.