14. In this study, Englishspeaking participants were instructed to try to read a paragraph for a half hour in one of three languages they did not understand. They read the paragraph after either being told the main idea of the paragraph, told the main idea of the first sentence only, or not told anything about the meaning. They were given translations of some words. The researchers then measured how many of the other words they could correctly translate. The following chart shows the design.

For each of the following possible patterns of results, make up a set of cell means, figure the marginal means, and make a bar graph of the results:

(a) a main effect for language and no other main effect or interaction;

(b) a main effect for knowledge of meaning and no other main effect or interaction;

(c) both main effects but no interaction;

(d) a main effect for language and an interaction, but no main effect for knowledge of meaning;

(e) both main effects and an interaction.

Measured variable: Number of words not given that participant could correctly translate