16. An organizational psychologist was interested in whether individuals working in different sectors of a company differed in their attitudes toward the company.

The results for the three people surveyed in development were 10, 12, and 11; for the three in the marketing department, 6, 6, and 8; for the three in accounting, 7, 4, and 4; and for the three in production, 14, 16, and 13 (higher numbers mean more positive attitudes). Was there a significant difference in attitude toward the company among employees working in different sectors of the company at the .05 level?

(a) Use the steps of hypothesis testing;

(b) sketch the distributions involved;

(c) figure the effect size for the study;

(d) explain your answer to part

(a) to someone who understands everything involved in conducting a t test for independent means but is unfamiliar with the analysis of variance;

(e) test the significance of planned contrasts using the overall

.05 level (with a Bonferroni correction for testing each of the five contrasts) for engineering versus production, (f ) marketing versus production, (g) accounting versus production, (h) development versus marketing, and (i) development versus accounting. (j) Explain your answers to parts

(e) through (i) to a person who understands analysis of variance but is unfamiliar with planned contrasts or Bonferroni corrections. (k) ADVANCED TOPIC: Carry out an analysis of variance for the study using the structural model method.