4.49 Study the data on employed scientists and engineers provided in Table 4.26. Think of the percentages as probabilities to aid in describing the anticipated employment pattern for scientists and engineers for this year.

a Explain the conditional nature of the columns of percentages.

b Suppose 3 million engineers are employed this year. How many would you expect to be in industry?

c Combine life scientists, computer specialists, physical scientists, environmental scientists, and mathematical scientists into one category.

Find the percentage distribution across employment types for this new category. How does this distribution compare to that for engineers?

d Suppose industry adds 1 million new scientists this year. How many would you expect to be engineers?

e Describe any differences you see between the employment pattern of physical scientists and engineers and that of social scientists.