To examine the effect that a tough midterm test has on student evaluations of professors, a statistics professor had her class evaluate her teaching effectiveness before the midterm test. The questionnaire asked for opinions on a number of dimensions, but the last question is considered the most important. It is, “How would you rate the overall performance of the instructor?” The possible responses are 1 = poor, 2 = fair, 3 = good, and 4 = excellent. After a difficult test, the evaluation was redone. The evaluation scores before and after the test for each of the 40 students in the class were recorded. Do the data allow  he professor to conclude that the results of the midterm negatively influence student opinion?