It is really helpful to start reading professional research articles to see how these concepts are used in actual study scenarios. Give it a try in the following article, where the researchers used the t-test to analyze the relationship between clinical simulation methodologies and student learning. Scherer, Y., Foltz-Ramos, K., Fabry, D., & Chao, Y. (2016). Evaluating simulation methodologies to determine best strategies to maximize student learning. Journal of Professional Nursing, 32(5), 349–357.

Look at Table 3 in the article. Make sure to read the small print at the bottom of the table. Was there a significant difference between the knowledge scores on the pre- and posttest? How do you know?

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Valid 2 3 5 7 8 15 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 Total Frequency 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 2 2 20 Percentage 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 Age Valid Percentage 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 Cumulative Percentage 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 35.0 40.0 50.0 65.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0