The study also examined how participation versus observation of the simulation affected student outcomes. Look at Table 4 in the article. What was the average knowledge score on the pretest for the group that was going to participate first (Group A)?

It is really helpful to start reading professional research articles to see how these concepts are used in actual study scenarios. Give it a try in the following article, where the researchers used the t-test to analyze the relationship between clinical simulation methodologies and student learning. Scherer, Y., Foltz-Ramos, K., Fabry, D., & Chao, Y. (2016). Evaluating simulation methodologies to determine best strategies to maximize student learning. Journal of Professional Nursing, 32(5), 349–357.

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Test Positive Test Negative Totals Disease Present 44 6 50 Disease Not Present 3 97 100 Totals 47 103 150