What was the independent variable?

Chung and Hwang (2008) examined the difference between an experimental and a control group of patients with leukemia. The experimental group received two follow-up phone calls after discharge, and the control group received routine care. Their Table 2 is reproduced here as Table 9-6.

Adapted from September 2008 Oncology Nursing Forum article “Education for Homecare patients with Leukemia following a cycle of chemotherapy: An exploratory pilot study” by Yu-Chu Chung, and Huei-Lih Hwang, Oncology Nursing Forum, 35(5), pp. E86-E87. Reproduced with permission of the Oncology Nursing Society.

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TABLE 9-6 Variable Self-care Symptom distress Quality of life *p <0.001 Test of Two-Group Differences 4 Weeks after Discharge Experimental Group (N = 35) X 2.67 0.34 70.46 SD 0.36 0.21 18.76 Control Group (N = 35) X 1.78 0.82 44.15 SD 0.38 0.51 16.01 10.347* 5.158* 6.074*