Inspired by a study conducted using data from Germany, a pair of political scientists in the United States want to know if the frequency of visits to “altright”

Facebook pages is associated with racially motivated hate crimes. The researchers create state-level measures of visits to “alt-right” Facebook pages

(visitors to these pages per 1,000 people) and hate crime incidents for a single year. The slope for the “alt-right” Facebook page visitors variable is 2.3.

a. Explain what the slope means in words.

b. Next, the researchers added an additional independent variable to the equation, the state-level percentage of the white male population older than the age of eighteen that is unemployed. The slope for this variable was 3.1. Explain what this slope means in words.

c. After controlling for the percentage of white men older than eighteen who are unemployed, the slope for the “alt-right” Facebook pages variable declines from 2.3 to 1.5. Based on this fact, which of the Venn diagrams in Figure 14.35 accurately represents correlations among visitors to “altright”

Facebook pages, unemployed white men older than eighteen, and racially motivated hate crimes? Explain how you know.