Pihl, Lau, and Assaad (1997) classified participants as being generally aggressive or not aggressive. These participants were randomly assigned to a drunk or sober condition, given significant amounts of alcohol or juice, and were then run in a study in which they both administered and received electrical shocks from a fictitious opponent. When sober, participants in the high aggressive group administered higher shock levels than participants in the low aggressive group. When intoxicated and highly provoked, both high and low aggressive participants administered equal amounts of shock. It was the low aggressive participants who increased the aggressiveness of their behavior when they had been drinking.