Safer Cities, a program working to ensure girls’ and women’s safety in public spaces in five cities around the world, collected data from a random sample of eighty-five women from Delhi who had experienced gender-based harassment in public. Respondents reported how they had reacted in their most recent experience of harassment—keeping silent, fleeing the situation, or resisting.

They also rated their feelings about their sense of safety moving throughout the city after being harassed, on a scale ranging from 0 (not at all safe) to 100

(completely safe). Table 11.8 shows the mean ratings and standard deviations for the women in each category.

a. Which category reports the highest sense of safety, on average? Would you describe any group as feeling safe?

b. Is there variation in feelings of safety within each category? How can you tell?

c. If there were no variation within any category, which cells of the table would have to change and how?

d. Use Table 11.8 to find the overall sample mean.

e. Table 11.9 shows the calculations for one of the two sums of squares used to calculate the sample F-statistic. Which sum of squares is the table demonstrating?
Explain how you know.

f. Complete Table 11.9 to find the appropriate sum of squares.