She realizes that the sample was drawn from a single school district that provides strong summer support to low-income students planning to attend college. She draws a new random sample of 2,800 recent high school graduates that is representative of the entire state. Figure 12.11 shows the relationship between family income and summer melt in this new statewide sample.

a. Which group is most likely to experience summer melt in this statewide sample, according to Figure 12.11?

b. This new sample includes 900 students from low-income families, 1,100 from middle-income families, and 800 from high-income families. Determine the observed frequency for each of the six groups.

c. The sample chi-square statistic for the relationship between family income and summer melt shown in Figure 12.11 is 276.7. Does this mean that the observed frequencies that you found for Part b are different enough from the expected frequencies to conclude that there is a statistically significant relationship between the variables? Explain how you know.

d. A college that draws most of its students from within the state wants to address the summer melt issue. Based on the findings from the statewide data, would their resources be better spent targeting all students who have accepted offers of admission or focusing specifically on students from specific parts of the income distribution? Explain your answer.