Table 11.14 shows the number of days last year that nine people from different cities needed to carry umbrellas to shelter themselves from the rain.

a. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?

b. What is the value of the within sums of squares for each city? Explain why each city has its value for within sums of squares.

c. Does it make sense to conduct an ANOVA test here? Explain your answer.