In a university political science department, there are 90 students enrolled, 36 males and 54 females. Of the 36 males, 28 eventually graduated, while 8 did not. Of the 54 females, 42 graduated, while 12 did not. Conduct a chi-squared test to determine whether there is a relationship between student gender and graduate status.

a. What is the null hypothesis for this study?

b. Is a one- or two-tailed test appropriate for this example? Why?

c. How many degrees of freedom are in the data?

d. If α = .05, what is the χ²_crit value for the data?

e. Create the contingency table with the observed and expected counts.

f. Calculate the χ²_obs value.

g. Compare the χ²_crit value and the χ²_obs value. Should you reject or retain the null hypothesis in this example?

h. Calculate an odds ratio for the data.

i. Interpret the odds ratio in question 14h.