Which distribution network design is being used when inventory is not held by manufacturers at the factories,

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Which distribution network design is being used when inventory is not held by manufacturers at the factories, but is held by distributors/retailers in intermediate warehouses and package carriers are used to transport products from the intermediate location to the final customer?

Manufacturer storage with direct shipping 

Manufacturer storage with direct shipping and intransit merge 

Distributor storage with package carrier delivery 

Distributor storage with manufacturer pickup

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