The Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry shown in Box 17.2 were developed to incorporate sustainability considerations in chemistry. Discuss at least three of these principles in terms of whether they are encouraging chemistry toward more holistic thinking.

Box 17.2:

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BOX 17.2 Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry. Reproduced with permission from [5]. 1. Prevention. It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been created. 2. Atom economy. Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product. 3. Less hazardous chemical syntheses. Wherever practicable, synthetic methods should be designed to use and generate substances that pose little or no toxicity to human health and the environment. 4. Designing safer chemicals. Chemical products should be designed to effect their desired function while minimizing their toxicity.