Darwin suggested that plants pollinated by long-tongued insects would benefit by having long flowers, because greater length would cause the insects to press themselves farther into the flower to reach the nectar, increasing deposition and removal of pollen. Several populations of the South African orchid, Disa draconis, evolved longer flowers after switching pollinators to long-tongued tanglewing flies. To measure the advantage of the long flowers, Johnson and Steiner (1997) experimentally shortened 59 of 118 flowers. The remaining 59 flowers were controls. One week later, 10 of the 59 shortened flowers had received pollen, whereas 27 of the 59 control flowers had received pollen.

a. Illustrate these results in a graph.

b. What is the estimated odds ratio of not receiving pollen after experimental shortening, as compared to control flowers? Provide a confidence interval for the population odds ratio.