The chapter states that “a leader’s choices are also influenced by their moral development.”

Applying Kohlberg’s stages of moral development to this case:

a. At what stage would you classify Captain Crozier’s level of moral reasoning? Why?

b. At what stage would you classify Acting Navy Secretary Thomas Modly’s level of moral reasoning? Why?

c. What about Rear Admiral Stuart Baker? Why?

d. What level would you classify Defense Secretary Mark Esper? Why?