Consider a fixed mass of air trapped in a piston–cylinder assembly. The air standard diesel cycle is defined by the following sequences of processes applied to this system:

Process 1–2: Isentropic compression from the maximum volume Vmax to the minimum volume V_min. Note: This process can be described as PV^γ = constant, where γ is the specific-heat ratio.

Process 2–3: Constant-pressure heat addition to a peak cycle temperature T₃.

Note that the volume at state 3 lies between the minimum and maximum volumes, i.e. V_min < V₃ < V_max.

Process 3–4: Isentropic expansion to V_max. See the note for process 1–2.

Process 4–1: Constant-volume heat rejection to return to the initial state.

A. Sketch this cycle on P–V coordinates and label each state point (1, 2, 3, and 4).

B. The following properties are associated with a particular execution of the diesel cycle: The initial state (state 1) temperature, pressure, and volume are 310 K, 105 kPa, and 0.0012 m³, respectively. The compression ratio, V_max/ V_min, is 15.0. The maximum temperature is 3200 K (state 3). Assume the specific heats can be treated as constants with the following values: c_p = 1.008 kJ/kgK, and c_v = 0.721 kJ/kgK. Determine the work transfer associated with each process and the net work for the cycle.