Extrinsic rewards assume people are driven by lowerlevel needs. Rewards such as bonuses, pay increases, and praise presume that the primary reason people initiate and persist in behavior is to satisfy lower-level needs. However, behavior is based on yearnings for self-expression and on feelings of self-esteem and self-worth. Typical individual incentive programs do not reflect and encourage the myriad behaviors motivated by people’s need to express themselves and realize their higher needs for growth and fulfillment.

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