Suppose rain falls vertically from a stationary cloud 10,000 m above a confused marathoner running in a circle with constant speed of 4 m/s. The rain has a terminal speed of 9 m/s.

(a) What is the angle that the rain appears to make with the vertical to the marathoner?

(b) What is the apparent motion of the cloud as observed by the marathoner?

(c) A star on the axis of the earth's orbit appears to have a circular orbit of angular diameter of 41.2 seconds of arc. How is this angle related to the earth's speed in its orbit and the velocity of photons received from this distant star?

(d) What is the speed of light as determined from the data in part (c)?