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The apparatus used by the French scientist Armand Fizeau in 1849 for measuring the speed of light

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The apparatus used by the French scientist Armand Fizeau in 1849 for measuring the speed of light is illustrated in Fig. 26.19. Teeth on a rotating wheel periodically interrupt a beam of light. The flashes of light travel to a plane mirror and are reflected back to an observer. Show that if the wheel is rotated at just the right frequency f, the light passing through one gap reaches the mirror and is reflected to the observer through the very next gap. When f is adjusted so this happens, show that the speed of light is given by c = 2fNL, where N is the number of gaps in the wheel, f is the frequency (in revolutions per second) made by the rotating wheel, and L is the distance between the wheel and the mirror.
The apparatus used by the French scientist Armand Fizeau in
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Mirror Wheel

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College Physics

College Physics

ISBN: 978-0321601834

7th edition

Authors: Jerry D. Wilson, Anthony J. Buffa, Bo Lou

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Using a few basic physics principles, you can impress your friends with a trick that makes a bottle disappear. For this experiment, you will need a mini plastic bottle, glycerin, a glass, and a funnel. First, open the bottle and pour some glycerin into it, then close the bottle tightly. Next, pour some water into the glass using a funnel. Place the mini bottle into the glass of water and it will look normal. This is because light travels through air faster than it travels through the glass and water, allowing our eyes to see the bottle inside the glass. However, when you fill the mini bottle with more glycerin, and pour glycerin into the glass, then put the glycerin filled bottle into the glass with glycerin in it. Half of the bottle that is submerged in the glycerin will become invisible as the light travels through glass and glycerin at the same speed, thus it does not bend and no refraction takes place, making the bottle invisible. This happens because both glass and glycerin have almost the same refractive index, which causes the speed of light to be the same in both mediums, causing no bending of light and making the bottle disappear.

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