The article "Effects of Short-Term Warming on Low and High Latitude Forest Ant Communities" (Ecoshpere, May 2011, Article 62) described an experiment in which observations on various characteristics were made using minichambers of three different types:
(1) Cooler (PVC frames covered with shade cloth),
(2) Control (PVC frames only), and
(3) Warmer (PVC frames covered with plastic).
One of the article's authors kindly supplied the accompanying data on the difference between air and soil temperatures (°C).

a. Compare measures of center for the three different samples.
b. Calculate, interpret, and compare the standard deviations for the three different samples.
c. Do the fourth spreads for the three samples convey the same message as do the standard deviations about relative variability?
d. Construct a comparative boxplot (which was included in the cited article) and comment on any interesting features.

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