The flat bars shown in parts (a) and (b) of the figure are subjected to tensile forces P = 2.5 kN. Each bar has thickness t = 5.0 mm.
(a) For the bar with a circular hole, determine the maximum stresses for hole diameters d = 12 mm and d = 20 mm if the width b = 60 mm.
(b) For the stepped bar with shoulder fillets, determine the maximum stresses for fillet radii R = 6 mm and R = 10 mm if the bar widths are b = 60 mm and c = 40 mm.

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(a) R (b)