The Hawk-Eye electronic system is used in tennis for displaying an instant replay that shows whether a ball is in bounds or out of bounds so players can challenge calls made by referees. In the most recent U.S. Open (as of this writing), singles players made 611 challenges and 172 of them were successful with the call overturned. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that fewer than 1/3 of the challenges are successful. What do the results suggest about the ability of players to see calls better than referees?
Test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s), conclusion about the null hypothesis, and final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Use the P-value method unless your instructor specifies otherwise. Use the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution.