The Horsheim Company is a furniture manufacturer with two departments: molding and finishing. The company uses the weighted-average method of process costing. In August, the following data were recorded for the finishing department:

Units of beginning work in process inventory ........ 25,000

Percentage completion of beginning work in process units ... 25%

Cost of direct materials in beginning work in process .....$ 0

Units started .....................175,000

Units completed .....................125,000

Units in ending inventory ................ 50,000

Percentage completion of ending work in process units ..... 95%

Spoiled units ..................... 25,000

Total costs added during current period:

Direct materials ...................$ 1,638,000

Direct manufacturing labor ................$ 1,589,000

Manufacturing overhead .................$ 1,540,000

Work in process, beginning:

Transferred-in costs ...................$ 207,250

Conversion costs ....................$ 105,000

Cost of units transferred in during current period ........$ 1,618,750

Conversion costs are added evenly during the process. Direct material costs are added when production is 90% complete. The inspection point is at the 80% stage of production. Normal spoilage is 10% of all good units that pass inspection. Spoiled units are disposed of at zero net disposal value.

Required

1. For August, summarize total costs to account for and assign these costs to units completed and transferred out (including normal spoilage), to abnormal spoilage, and to units in ending work in process.

2. What are the managerial issues involved in determining the percentage of spoilage considered normal? How would your answer to requirement 1 differ if all spoilage were treated as normal?