There is some research indicating that college students who use Facebook while studying tend to have lower grades than non-users (Kirschner & Karpinski, 2010). A representative study surveys students to determine the amount of Facebook use during the time they are studying or doing homework. Based on the amount of time spent on Facebook, students are classified into three groups and their grade point averages are recorded. The following data show the typical pattern of results.

a. Use an ANOVA with α = .05 to determine whether there are significant mean differences among the three groups.

b. Compute 2 to measure the size of the effect.
c. Write a sentence demonstrating how the result from the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size would appear in a research report.

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Facebook Use While Studying Rarely Use Regularly Use Non-User 3.70 3.02 3.51 3.45 3.42 2.84 3.42 2.98 3.81 3.94 3.15 3.10 3.82 3.64 2.74 3.68 3.20 3.22 3.90 2.95 2.58 3.07 4.00 3.55 3.92 3.75 3.31 3.88 3.45 2.80