Upper, Middle, and Lower Slobbovia are distant countries that do not trade with each other or the rest of the world. In Upper Slobbovia, kites are provided by a competitive constant-cost industry. In Middle Slobbovia, kites are provided by a competitive increasing-cost industry. In Lower Slobbovia, kites are provided by a single monopolist. All three countries have just imposed a new tax on kite producers of $1,000 per firm per year. Rank the three countries in terms of what fraction of this tax is passed on to consumers in the long run. Justify your answer carefully.