What are the factors that allow a native Spanish-speaking person to understand and read English? A study published in the Bilingual Research Journal (Summer 2006) investigated the relationship of Spanish (first-language) grammatical knowledge to English (second-language) reading. The study involved a sample of n = 55 native Spanish-speaking adults who were students in an English as a second language college class. Each student took four standardized exams: Spanish grammar (SG), Spanish reading (SR), English grammar (EG), and English reading (ESLR). Simple linear regression was used to model the ESLR score (y) as a function of each of the other exam scores (x). The results are summarized in the next table.
a. At a = .05, is there sufficient evidence to indicate that ESLR score is linearly related to SG score?

b. At a = .05, is there sufficient evidence to indicate that ESLR score is linearly related to SG score?
c. At a = .05, is there sufficient evidence to indicate that ESLR score is linearly related to EG score?
d. Practically interpret the r2 values.

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p-value for testing Ho: B1 = 0 .739 .012 .022 Independent variable (x) .002 .099 .078 SG score EG score