You do not need a lot of money to invest in a mutual fund. However, if you decide to put some money into an investment, you are usually advised to leave it in for (at least) several years. Why? Because good years tend to cancel out bad years, giving you a better overall return with less risk. To see what we mean, let's use a 3-year moving average on the Calvert Social Balanced Fund (a socially responsible fund).

(a) Use a calculator with mean and standard deviation keys to verify that the mean annual return for all 11 years is approximately 9.45%, with standard deviation 9.57%.
(b) To compute a 3-year moving average for 1992, we take the data values for year 3 and the prior 2 years and average them. To compute a 3-year moving average for year 4, we take the data values for year 4 and the prior 2 years and average them. Verify that the following 3-year moving averages are correct.

(c) Use a calculator with mean and standard deviation keys to verify that for the 3-year moving average, the mean is 10.68% with sample standard deviation 4.53%.
(d) Interpretation Compare the results of parts (a) and (c). Suppose we take the point of view that risk is measured by standard deviation. Is the risk (standard deviation) of the 3-year moving average considerably smaller? This is an example of a general phenomenon that will be studied in more detail in Chapter 6.

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Year 2 4 5 6 7 9 10 %Return 11.78 17.79 7.46 5.95 4.74 25.85 9.03 18.92 17.49 6.80 2.38 Year 4 6 7 9 10 3-year moving average 9.01 10.40 2.89 9.0210.05 17.93 15.15 14.40 7.30