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venture capital and the finance of innovation
Questions and Answers of
Venture Capital And The Finance Of Innovation
Let’s take a look at financial intermediation and the financial crisis of 2007–2009. Using the FRED economic database (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/), search for “all sectors total loans”; you
Sometimes, in supply and demand models, it’s not clear who “supplies” and who “demands.” For instance, in the labor market, it is individual workers (not firms) who supply labor. In the
Consider three countries: Jovenia (average age: 25), Mittelaltistan (average age: 45), and Decrepetia (average age: 75). Based on the lifecycle theory, which of these countries will probably
The typical savings supply curve has a positive slope. If a nation’s saving supply curve had a perfectly vertical slope, what would that mean?a. People in this country save the same amount no
Change the production function used in the chapter to reflect the contribution of labor in the production process. As with capital, labor also has diminishing returns, so let Y = Now suppose
After World War II, a lot of France’s capital stock was destroyed, but it had educated workers and a market-oriented economy. Do you think the war’s destruction increased or decreased the
Which three countries on the list are good examples of “conditional convergence?”ChinaIrelandArgentinaNorth KoreaGreece
What is a patent?
What is more important for explaining the standard of living in the rich countries: capital or ideas?
Many people say that if people save too much, the economy will be hurt. They often refer to the fact that consumer spending is two-thirds of GDP to make this point. This is sometimes called the
Which countries are likely to grow faster: Countries doing “cutting-edge” growth or those doing “catch-up” growth?
In the Soviet Union, especially in the early decades under Lenin and Stalin, the official doctrine was Communism, and the use of incentives was considered a form of treason. One important exception
In the 1998 Minnesota gubernatorial election, there were three main candidates: Norm Coleman (the Republican), Jesse “The Body” Ventura (an Independent), and Hubert Humphrey III (the Democrat).
Using the FRED economic database (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/), let’s compare the GDP of the state of California with that of some countries, in this case, France and Canada. Because France’s
Let’s convert into words. Institutions create _______, which in turn affect the amount of _______, _______, and _______ in a country, which, combined with the right kind of _______ generates
India and China come up a lot in this chapter. You might wonder why so much time is spent talking about just two countries out of more than 180 on the planet. But what fraction of humans live in
About what percentage of the world’s population lives in countries richer than Italy? What percentage lives in countries poorer than India?
About how many babies die before the age of 5 in Nigeria versus Argentina? What is the difference in GDP per person in those two countries?
How easy is it to spot a bubble? Go to the FRED economic database (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/) and search for NASDAQ. You should find the NASDAQ Composite Index. Graph it and click Max to show all
If greenhouse gas emissions are not cut, climate change could have very large future costs. Let’s assume that there are 100 equally sized countries in the world and that cutting greenhouse gas
Using the FRED Economic database (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/) find the median weekly earnings of high school graduates (no college) who are 25 years of age or over. Click Edit Graph then Add Line
Calculate the values of these areas in dollars. How much of the deadweight loss is due to the overproduction of steel by higher-cost U.S. steel producers, and how much is due to the underconsumption
If investors in the Hollywood Stock Market were too optimistic on average, would the dots tend to cluster above the red diagonal line or below it? How can you tell?
In Figure, what is the total revenue raised by the tax, in dollars? What is the deadweight loss from the tax, in dollars?
In our chapter on Competition and the Invisible Hand, we quoted the Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter who said that in the textbooks the most important fact about competition was that price was
Suppose that Uber created a way to advertise to riders. For example, riders might watch an advertisement as their car approaches. What do you predict would be the impact on the price of an Uber ride.
Fit each of the following examples into one of these reasons for trade: division of knowledge or comparative advantage.a. Two recently abandoned cats, Bingo and Tuppy, need to quickly learn how to
In the chapter, you saw how to create a production possibilities frontier for the United States and Mexico. Let’s take a look at how to combine these PPFs to make one PPF for the U.S.–Mexico
Your roommate just bought a TomTom Spark GDP fitness watch for $130. She would have been willing to pay $250 for a device that could improve her morning runs by measuring the speed, distance, and
When the price of Apple MacBooks goes down, what probably happens to the demand for laptops featuring Microsoft Windows?
The Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) database is available at https://fred.stlouisfed.org/. Go to FRED and search for data on crude oil prices. You will find several series; click on one of them,
a. Suppose you’d like to do five different things, each of which requires exactly one orange. Complete the following table, ranking your highest-valued orange-related activity (1) to your
Guess whether the demand for cigarettes is elastic or inelastic. Explain your reasoning.
Suppose that 200,000 Uber trips are taken every day in New York City and suppose that the elasticity of demand for an Uber trip is –0.5. If the price increased by 10% how many Uber trips would be
A movie theatre owner runs an experiment. She decreases prices 2% and discovers that ticket sales increased by 5%. Also, she increases prices by 1% and discovers that sales decrease by 2%. What
Using the FRED economic database (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/) let’s compare expenditures on cell phones with the price of phones. Unfortunately, as is often the case, it’s difficult to find
Go to the FRED Economic Database (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/) and find tobacco taxes in Texas. In what year (1991–2016) would you guess Texas raised the sales tax on tobacco?
This chapter emphasized the ability of an orderly system to emerge without someone explicitly designing the entire system. How does the evolution of language illustrate a type of spontaneous order?
How does a free market eliminate a shortage?
Go to the FRED economic database (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/) and search for “percent hourly paid minimum wage.”a. In 2015, what percent of hourly workers were paid the minimum wage or less?b.
A “black market” is a place where people make illegal trades in goods and services. For instance, during the Soviet era, it was common for American tourists to take a few extra pairs of Levi’s
The city of Mumbai in India imposed rent controls on apartments in 1947. Despite inflation and changes in land value, allowable rents have hardly increased since that time! Use what you know about
In our Uber example, we said that after a spike in demand around Madison Square Garden, the number of Uber rides increased by more than 75% in the surrounding area, but when it starts to rain, Uber
In the following cases, the markets are in equilibrium, but there are externalities. In each case, determine whether there is an external benefit or cost and estimate its size. Finally, decide
Many people will tell you that, whenever possible, you should always buy U.S.-made goods. Some will go further and tell you to spend your money on goods produced in your own state whenever possible.
a. This would raise productivity, since they are currently (by assumption) just redistributing income, not producing output. b. They would probably earn less, not more. c. Lobbyists in
At 5PM there are 1,000 cars on a highway slowly moving towards home. Adding another car to the highway slows everyone down slightly, increasing the time it takes each person/car to get home by four
It's common to think that reducing pollution is necessarily costly because to reduce pollution we need to tax firms who will then produce less. But can you think of ways in which pollution might not
a. When selling e-books, music on iTunes, and downloadable software, the marginal cost of producing and selling one more unit of output is essentially zero: MC = 0. Let’s think about a monopoly in
a. What’s the rule: Monopolists charge a higher markup when demand is highly elastic or when it’s highly inelastic?b. What’s the rule: Monopolists charge a higher markup when customers have
In 1996, the X Prize Foundation created what became known as the Ansari X Prize—a $10 million prize for the first nongovernment group to send a reusable manned spacecraft into space twice within
a. Sometimes, our discussion of marginal cost and marginal revenue unintentionally hides the real issue: the entrepreneur’s quest to maximize total profits. Here is information on a firm:Demand:
a. Draw the graph of a monopoly, showing demand, marginal revenue, and marginal cost. Show what happens when the monopolist finds a way to lower marginal cost. Indicate on the graph the new
a. When a monopoly is maximizing its profits, price is greater than marginal cost.b. For a monopoly producing a certain amount of output, price is less than marginal revenue.c. When a monopoly
Common sense might say that a monopolist would produce more output than a competitive firm facing the same marginal costs. After all, if you’re making a profit, you want to sell as much as you can,
When a sports team hires an expensive new player or builds a new stadium, you often hear claims that ticket prices have to rise to cover the new, higher cost. Let’s see what monopoly theory says
In the early part of the twentieth century, it was cheaper to travel by rail from New York to San Francisco than it was to travel from New York to Denver, even though the train to San Francisco would
This chapter told the story of how the 2000 California energy shortage was aggravated by price deregulation. a. Suppose you are an entrepreneur who is interested in building a power plant to
The lure of spices during the medieval period wasn’t driven merely by the desire to improve the taste of food (Europe produced saffron, thyme, bay leaves, oregano, and other spices for that). The
China developed gunpowder, paper, the compass, water-driven spinning machines, and many other inventions long before their European counterparts. Yet they did not adopt cannons, industrialization,
Perform a reality‐check DCF for a publicly traded company of your choice.
True, False or Uncertain: A deep understanding of finance can help someone make better venture capital and R&D investment decisions.
Largeco pension plan begins investing in VC funds in 2010. They commit to a few new funds every year. They compute returns to their VC portfolio by adding the cash flows they receive and the reported
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