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physics
college physics a strategic approach 2nd
Questions and Answers of
College Physics A Strategic Approach 2nd
For how long would a 68 kg athlete have to swim at a fast crawl to use all the energy available in a typical fast-food meal of burger, fries, and a drink?
To a good approximation, the only external force that does work on a cyclist moving on level ground is the force of air resistance. Suppose a cyclist is traveling at 15 km/h on level ground. Assume
The winning time for the 2005 annual race up 86 floors of the Empire State Building was 10 min and 49 s. The winner's mass was 60 kg. a. If each floor was 3.7 m high, what was the winner's change in
A 68 kg hiker walks at 5.0 km/h up a 7% slope. What is the necessary metabolic power?
A 70 kg student consumes 2500 Cal each day and stays the same weight. One day, he eats 3500 Cal and, wanting to keep from gaining weight, decides to "work off" the excess by jumping up and down. With
To make your workouts more productive, you can get a generator that you drive with the rear wheel of your bicycle when it is mounted in a stand. a. Your laptop charger uses 75 W. What is your body's
The resistance of an exercise bike is often provided by a generator; that is, the energy that you expend is used to generate electric energy, which is then dissipated. Rather than dissipate the
Larger animals use proportionately less energy than smaller animals; that is, it takes less energy per kg to power an elephant than to power a human. A 5000 kg African elephant requires about 70,000
Smaller mammals use proportionately more energy than larger mammals; that is, it takes more energy per gram to power a mouse than a human. A typical mouse has a mass of 20 g and, at rest, needs to
A large horse can perform work at a steady rate of about 1 horsepower, as you might expect. a. Assuming a 25% efficiency, how many Calories would a horse need to consume to work at 1.0 hp for 1.0
A college student is working on her physics homework in her dorm room. Her room contains a total of 6.0 × 1026 gas molecules. As she works, her body is converting chemical energy into thermal energy
Describe the energy transfers and transformations that occur from the time you sit down to breakfast until you've completed a fast bicycle ride.
A 60% efficient device uses chemical energy to generate 600 J of electric energy.a. How much chemical energy is used? b. A second device uses twice as much chemical energy to generate half as much
A 10% efficient engine accelerates a 1500 kg car from rest to 15 m/s. How much energy is transferred to the engine by burning gasoline?
Rub your hands together vigorously. What happens? Discuss the energy transfers and transformations that take place.
Figure Q9.21 shows two blocks sliding on a frictionless surface. Eventually the smaller block overtakes the larger one, collides with it, and sticks. What is the speed of the two blocks after the
Density is the ratio of an object's mass to its volume. Would you expect density to be a vector or a scalar quantity? Explain.
Which of the following motions is described by the motion diagram of Figure Q 1.21?A. An ice skater gliding across the ice. B. An airplane braking to a stop after landing. C. A car pulling away
A bird flies 3.0 km due west and then 2.0 km due north. What is the magnitude of the bird's displacement? A. 2.0 km C. 3.6 km B. 3.0 km D. 5.0 km
The Empire State Building has a height of 1250 ft. Express this height in meters, giving your result in scientific notation with three significant figures.
A bird flies 3.0 km due west and then 2.0 km due north. Another bird flies 2.0 km due west and 3.0 km due north. What is the angle between the net displacement vectors for the two birds?A. 23° B.
A woman walks briskly at 2.00 m/s. How much time will it take her to walk one mile?A. 8.30 min B. 13.4 min C. 21.7 min D. 30.0 min
Compute 3.24 m + 0.532 m to the correct number of significant figures. A. 3.7 m B. 3.77 m C. 3.772 m D. 3.7720 m
A rectangle has length 3.24 m and height 0.532 m. To the correct number of significant figures, what is its area?A. 1.72 m2 B. 1.723 m2 C. 1.7236 m2D. 1.72368 m2
Carol and Robin share a house. To get to work, Carol walks north 2.0 km while Robin drives west 7.5 km. How far apart are their workplaces?
Joe and Max shake hands and say goodbye. Joe walks east 0.55 km to a coffee shop, and Max flags a cab and rides north 3.25 km to a bookstore. How far apart are their destinations?
A city has streets laid out in a square grid, with each block 135 m long. If you drive north for three blocks, then west for two blocks, how far are you from your starting point?
A butterfly flies from the top of a tree in the center of a garden to rest on top of a red flower at the garden's edge. The tree is 8.0 m taller than the flower, and the garden is 12 m wide.
A garden has a circular path of radius 50 m. John starts at the easternmost point on this path, then walks counterclockwise around the path until he is at its southernmost point. What is John's
Migrating geese tend to travel in straight-line paths at approximately constant speed. A goose flies 32 km south, then turns to fly 20 km west. How far is the goose from its original position?
A ball on a porch rolls 60 cm to the porch's edge, drops 40 cm, continues rolling on the grass, and eventually stops 80 cm from the porch's edge. What is the magnitude of the ball's net dis-
A kicker punts a football from the very center of the field to the sideline 43 yards downfield. What is the net displacement of the ball? (A football field is 53 yards wide.)
Joseph watches the roadside mile markers during a long car trip on an interstate highway. He notices that at 10:45 A.M. they are passing a marker labeled 101, and at 11:00 A.M. the car reaches marker
Alberta is going to have dinner at her grandmother's house, but she is running a bit behind schedule. As she gets onto the highway, she knows that she must exit the highway within 45 min if she is
The end of Hubbard Glacier in Alaska advances by an average of 105 feet per year. What is the speed of advance of the glacier in m/s?
The earth completes a circular orbit around the sun in one year. The orbit has a radius of 93,000,000 miles. What is the speed of the earth around the sun in m/s? Report your result using scientific
Shannon decides to check the accuracy of her speedometer. She adjusts her speed to read exactly 70 mph on her speedometer and holds this steady, measuring the time between successive mile markers
Your brain communicates with your body using nerve impulses, electrical signals propagated along axons. Axons come in two varieties: insulated axons with a sheath made of myelin, and uninsulated
Satellite data taken several times per hour on a particular albatross showed travel of 1200 km over a time of 1.4 days. a. Given these data, what was the bird's average speed in mph? b. Data on the
In 2003, the population of the United States was 291 million people. The per-capita income was $31,459. What was the total income of everyone in the United States? Express your answer in scientific
The sun is 30° above the horizon. It makes a 52-m-long shadow of a tall tree. How high is the tree?
A large passenger aircraft accelerates down the runway for a distance of 3000 m before leaving the ground. It then climbs at a steady 3.0 angle. After the plane has traveled 3000 m along this new
Starting from its nest, an eagle flies at constant speed for 3.0 min due east, then 4.0 min due north. From there the eagle flies directly to its nest at the same speed. How long is the eagle in the
John walks 1.00 km north, then turns right and walks 1.00 km east. His speed is 1.50 m/s during the entire stroll. a. What is the magnitude of his displacement, from beginning to end? b. If Jane
For each motion diagram in Figure P2.2, determine the sign (positive or negative) of the position and the velocity.Data in Figure P2.2 (a) 0 X (b) (c)
A person gets in an elevator on the ground floor and rides it to the top floor of a building. Sketch a velocity-versus-time graph for this motion.
Write a short description of the motion of a real object for which Figure P2.3 would be a realistic position-versus-time graph. x (m) 300 200- 100 0 200 FIGURE P2.3 400 -t (s) 600
Write a short description of the motion of a real object for which Figure P2.4 would be a realistic position-versus-time graph. x (mi) 40 20 0 -20- 2 3 درا FIGURE P2.4 5 1 (h)
You are driving down the road at a constant speed. Another car going a bit faster catches up with you and passes you. Draw a position graph for both vehicles on the same set of axes, and note the
The position graph of Figure P2.5 shows a dog slowly. sneaking up on a squirrel, then putting on a burst of speed. a. For how many seconds does the dog move at the slower speed? b. Draw the dog's
A car is traveling north. Can its acceleration vector ever point south? Explain.
The position graph of Figure P2.6 represents the motion of a ball being rolled back and forth by two children. a. At what positions are the two children sitting? b. Draw the ball's
Certain animals are capable of running at great speeds; other animals are capable of tremendous accelerations. Speculate on which would be more beneficial to a predator-large maximum speed or large
Figure Q2.9 shows an object's position-versus-time graph. The letters A to E correspond to various segments of the motion in which the graph has constant slope.a. Write a realistic motion short story
A bicyclist has the position-versus-time graph shown in Figure P2.9. What is the bicyclist's velocity at t = 10 s, at t = 25 s, and at t = 35 s? FIGURE P2.9 x (m) 100 50 0 10 20 30 40 -1 (s)
Figure Q2.10 shows the position graph for an object moving along the horizontal axis.Data in Figure Q2.10a. Write a realistic motion short story for an object that would have this position graph. b.
Figure Q2.11 shows the position- versus-time graphs for two objects, A and B, that are moving along the same axis. FIGURE Q2.11a. At the instant t = 1 s, is the speed of A greater than, less than,
In college softball, the distance from the pitcher's mound to the batter is 43 feet. If the ball leaves the bat at 100 mph, how much time elapses between the hit and the ball reaching the pitcher?
Figure Q2.12 shows a position- versus-time graph. At which lettered point or points is the object.Figure Q2.12a. Moving the fastest? b. Moving to the left? c. Speeding up? d. Slowing down? e.
Figure Q2.13 is the velocity-versus-time graph for an object moving along the x-axis.a. During which segment(s) is the velocity constant? b. During which segment(s) is the object speeding up? c.
A car traveling at velocity v takes distance d to stop after the brakes are applied. What is the stopping distance if the car is initially traveling at velocity 2v? Assume that the acceleration due
Figure Q2.17 shows an object's position-versus-time graph. What is the velocity of the object at t = 6 s?A. 0.67 m/s B. 0.83 m/s C. 3.3 m/s D. 4.2 m/s E. 25 m/s x (m) 40 30- 20 10- 0- 5 FIGURE
While running a marathon, a long-distance runner uses a stopwatch to time herself over a distance of 100 m. She finds that she runs this distance in 18 s. Answer the following by considering ratios,
A somewhat idealized graph of the speed of the blood in the ascending aorta during one beat of the heart appears as in Figure P2.18.a. Approximately how far, in cm, does the blood move during one
The following options describe the motion of four cars A-D. Which car has the largest acceleration?A. Goes from 0 m/s to 10 m/s in 5.0 s B. Goes from 0 m/s to 5.0 m/s in 2.0 s C. Goes from 0 m/s to
A car starts from xi = 10 m at ti = 0 s and moves with the velocity graph shown in Figure P2.19. a. What is the object's position at t = 2 s, 3 s, and 4 s?b. Does this car ever change direction on?
A car is traveling at vx 20 m/s. The driver applies the brakes, and the car slows with ax = -4.0 m/s2. What is the stopping distance? A. 5.0 m B. 25 m C. 40 m D. 50 m
Figure P2.20 shows a graph of actual position-versus-time data for a particular type of drag racer known as a "funny car." Figure P2.20a. Estimate the car's velocity at 2.0 s. b. Estimate the car's
Velocity-versus-time graphs for three drag racers are shown in Figure Q2.20. At t =5.0 s, which car has traveled the furthest?A. Andy B. Betty C. Carl D. All have traveled the same distance. v,
Ball 1 is thrown straight up in the air and, at the same instant, ball 2 is released from rest and allowed to fall. Which velocity graph in Figure Q2.22 best represents the motion of the two
For each motion diagram shown earlier in Figure P2.2, determine the sign (positive or negative) of the acceleration.Figure P2.2, (a) 0 X (b) 0 (c)
Figure P2.18 showed data for the speed of blood in the aorta. Determine the magnitude of the acceleration for both phases, speeding up and slowing down. v (m/s) 1.0 0.5- FIGURE P2.18 0 0.20 0.40 0.60
A car can go from 0 to 60 mph in 7.0 s. Assuming that it could maintain the same acceleration at higher speeds, how long would it take the car to go from 0 to 120 mph? A. 10 s B. 14 s C. 21 s D.
Figure P2.25 is a somewhat simplified velocity graph for Olympic sprinter Carl Lewis starting a 100 m dash. Estimate his acceleration during each of the intervals A, B, and C.Figure P2.25 v,
A car can go from 0 to 60 mph in 12 s. A second car is capable of twice the acceleration of the first car. Assuming that it could maintain the same acceleration at higher speeds, how much time will
A Thomson's gazelle can reach a speed of 13 m/s in 3.0 s. A lion can reach a speed of 9.5 m/s in 1.0 s. A trout can reach a speed of 2.8 m/s in 0.12 s. Which animal has the largest acceleration?
When striking, the pike, a predatory fish, can accelerate from rest to a speed of 4.0 m/s in 0.11 s.a. What is the acceleration of the pike during this strike? b. How far does the pike move during
Light-rail passenger trains that provide transportation within and between cities are capable of modest accelerations. The magnitude of the maximum acceleration is typically 1.3 m/s2, but the driver
Figure P2.32 shows a velocity-versus-time graph for a particle moving along the x-axis. At t = 0 s, assume that x = 0 m.a. What are the particle's position, velocity, and acceleration at t = 1.0
A small propeller airplane can comfortably achieve a high enough speed to take off on a runway that is 1/4 mile long. A large, fully loaded passenger jet has about the same acceleration from rest,
A driver has a reaction time of 0.50 s, and the maximum deceleration of her car is 6.0 m/s2. She is driving at 20 m/s when suddenly she sees an obstacle in the road 50 m in front of her. Can she stop
Chameleons catch insects with their tongues, which they can rapidly extend to great lengths. In a typical strike, the chameleon's tongue accelerates at a remarkable 250 m/s2 for 20 ms, then travels
A light-rail train going from one station to the next on a straight section of track accelerates from rest at 1.1 m/s2 for 20 s. It then proceeds at constant speed for 1100 m before slowing down at
A simple model for a person running the 100 m dash is to assume the sprinter runs with constant acceleration until reaching top speed, then maintains that speed through the finish line. If a sprinter
Ball bearings can be made by letting spherical drops of molten metal fall inside a tall tower-called a shot tower-and solidify as they fall. a. If a bearing needs 4.0 s to solidify enough for
A student at the top of a building of height h throws ball A straight upward with speed vo and throws ball B straight down- ward with the same initial speed. a. Compare the balls' accelerations,
Excellent human jumpers can leap straight up to a height of 110 cm off the ground. To reach this height, with what speed would a person need to leave the ground?
A football is kicked straight up into the air; it hits the ground 5.2 s later. a. What was the greatest height reached by the ball? Assume it is kicked from ground level. b. With what speed did it
In an action movie, the villain is rescued from the ocean by grabbing onto the ladder hanging from a helicopter. He is so intent on gripping the ladder that he lets go of his briefcase of counterfeit
A rock climber stands on top of a 50-m-high cliff overhanging a pool of water. He throws two stones vertically downward 1.0 s apart and observes that they cause a single splash. The initial speed of
A truck driver has a shipment of apples to deliver to a destination 440 miles away. The trip usually takes him 8 hours. Today he finds himself daydreaming and realizes 120 miles into his trip that he
Does a real automobile have constant acceleration? Measured data for a Porsche 944 Turbo at maximum acceleration are as shown in the table. a. Convert the velocities to m/s, then make a graph of
When you sneeze, the air in your lungs accelerates from rest to approximately 150 km/h in about 0.50 seconds. a. What is the acceleration of the air in m/s2? b. What is this acceleration, in units
People hoping to travel to other worlds are faced with huge challenges. One of the biggest is the time required for a journey. The nearest star is 4.1 x 1016 m away. Suppose you had a spacecraft that
You are driving to the grocery store at 20 m/s. You are 110 m from an intersection when the traffic light turns red. Assume that your reaction time is 0.70 s and that your car brakes with constant
When you blink your eye, the upper lid goes from rest with your eye open to completely covering your eye in a time of 0.024 s. a. Estimate the distance that the top lid of your eye moves during a
A bush baby, an African primate, is capable of leaping vertically to the remarkable height of 2.3 m. To jump this high, the bush baby accelerates over a distance of 0.16 m while rapidly extending its
When jumping, a flea reaches a takeoff speed of 1.0 m/s over a distance of 0.50 mm.a. What is the flea's acceleration during the jump phase? b. How long does the acceleration phase last? c. If the
Certain insects can achieve seemingly impossible accelerations while jumping. The click beetle accelerates at an astonishing 400g over a distance of 0.60 cm as it rapidly bends its thorax, making the
Divers compete by diving into a 3.0-m-deep pool from a platform 10 m above the water. What is the magnitude of the minimum acceleration in the water needed to keep a diver from hitting the bottom of
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