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statistics
elementary statistics a step by step approach
Questions and Answers of
Elementary Statistics A Step By Step Approach
A nurse at a medical center claims that the median number of flu shots they give per day is 30. To test the claim, the nurse randomly selects 20 days during the months of September, October, and
The Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission allows travelers to use a purchased Easy Pass for tolls on the Pennsylvania Turnpike. A researcher hypothesizes that the median of the number of Easy Pass users
A medical researcher believed the number of ear infections in swimmers can be reduced if the swimmers use earplugs. A sample of 10 people was selected, and the number of infections for a four-month
Two independent random samples of army and marine recruits are selected, and the time in minutes it takes each recruit to complete an obstacle course is recorded, as shown in the table. At
In a large department store, the owner wishes to see whether the number of shoplifting incidents per day will change if the number of uniformed security officers is doubled. A random sample of 7 days
A study was done to detect hidden chemicals in various types of beers. Three beers were tested for glyphosate (a weed killer). The following amounts (in parts per billion) were found. The data are
A researcher wishes to see if the total debt a school district has is related to the number of students enrolled in the school. Eight school districts are selected and the debt and number of students
Determine the number of runs and the values of \(n_{1}\) and \(n_{2}\) in each sequence.a. MMMFFMMFb. OOEOEEEEOOc. TTHHTHHHTTH
On a commuter train, the conductor wishes to see whether the passengers enter the train at random. He observes the first 25 people, with the following sequence of males (M) and females
Twenty people enrolled in a substance abuse program. Test the claim that the ages of the people, according to the order in which they enroll, occur at random, at \(\alpha=0.05\). The data are 18, 36,
The data show the Conference ( \(\mathrm{E}=\) Eastern, \(\mathrm{W}=\) Western) where the most valuable players came from for a 45 -year time frame. At \(\alpha=0.05\), can it be concluded that the
The following table lists the percentages of patients who experienced side effects from a drug used to lower a person’s cholesterol level.Rank each value in the table. Side effect Percent Chest
An environmentalist suggests that the median of the number of days per month that a large city failed to meet the EPA acceptable standards for clean air is 11 days per month. A random sample of 20
A nutritionist decided to see if there was a difference in the number of calories served for lunch in elementary and secondary schools. She selected a random sample of eight elementary schools and
A researcher decides to see how effective a pain medication is. Eight randomly selected subjects were asked to determine the severity of their pain by using a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 being very
You are doing research for an article on the waterfalls on our planet. You want to make a statement about the heights of waterfalls on three continents. Three random samples of waterfall heights (in
As a biologist, you wish to see if there is a relationship between the heights of tall trees and their diameters. You find the following data for the diameter (in inches) of the tree at 4.5 feet from
Suppose a researcher wants to produce a television show featuring in-depth interviews with state governors on the subject of capital punishment. Because of time constraints, the 60 -minute program
Using the population of 50 states in Example 14-1, select a systematic sample of 10 states.Example 14-1Suppose a researcher wants to produce a television show featuring in-depth interviews with state
Using the population of 20 students listed in the following table, select a sample of eight students on the basis of gender (male/female) and grade level (first-year/sophomore) by stratification. 1.
According to the U.S. Department of Justice, \(30 \%\) of Americans who were assaulted took no protective actions against the person who assaulted them. Using random numbers, simulate a sample of 20
Using random numbers, simulate the outcomes of shooting a basketball from the foul line between Bennett and Aiden. Assume Bennett is twice as good as Aiden.
A die is rolled until a 6 appears. Using simulation, find the average number of rolls needed to obtain a 6 . Try the experiment 20 times.
A person selects a key at random from four keys to open a lock. Only one key opens the lock. If the first key does not open the lock, she tries other keys until one opens the lock. Find the average
A box contains five \(\$ 1\) bills, three \(\$ 5\) bills, and two \(\$ 10\) bills. A person selects a bill at random. What is the expected value of the bill? Perform the experiment 25 times.
Read the following study and answer the questions.A baking company selected 36 women weighing different amounts and randomly assigned them to four different groups. The four groups were white bread
Assume you are a store owner and are concerned about the recent bans on single-use plastic bags. Will your business lose money if you do not allow single-use plastic bags in your store? You decide to
Answer the following questions:1. What is the definition of a simulation technique?2. Have simulation techniques been used for very many years?3. Is it cost-effective to do simulation testing on some
Explain how big data can be used in the field that you plan on working in when you graduate.1. What type of data would you collect?2. Would your data be structured or unstructured?3. What would be
Use the equation of the regression line in Example 10-10 to predict the final grade for a student who missed 4 classes.Example 10-10Find the equation of the regression line for the data in Example
A researcher collects the following data and determines that there is a significant relationship between the age of a copy machine and its monthly maintenance cost. The regression equation is
Find the standard error of the estimate for the data for Example 10-12 by using the preceding formula. The equation of the regression line is \(y^{\prime}=55.57+8.13 x\).Example 10-12A researcher
For the data in Example \(10-12\), find the \(95 \%\) prediction interval for the monthly maintenance cost of a machine that is 3 years old.
For the data regarding nursing state board scores, find the value of \(R\).
Test the significance of the \(R\) obtained in Example \(10-15\) at \(\alpha=0.05\).Example 10-15 For the data regarding nursing state board scores, find the value of \(R\).
Calculate the adjusted \(R^{2}\) for the data in Example 10-15. The value for \(R\) is 0.989 .Example 10-15 For the data regarding nursing state board scores, find the value of \(R\).
In a study on speed control, it was found that the main reasons for regulations were to make traffic flow more efficient and to minimize the risk of danger. An area that was focused on in the study
In a study on speed and braking distance, researchers looked for a method to estimate how fast a person was traveling before an accident by measuring the length of the skid marks. An area that was
Answer the questions about the following computer-generated information.Linear correlation coefficient \(r=0.794556\)Coefficient of determination \(=0.631319\)Standard error of estimate
In a study to determine a person's yearly income 10 years after high school, it was found that the two biggest predictors are number of math and science courses taken and number of hours worked per
Is there enough evidence to reject the claim that the number of arrests for each category of crimes is the same? Use \(\alpha=0.05\).
A researcher hypothesizes that \(50 \%\) of American homes are heated by natural gas, \(30 \%\) are heated by electricity, \(10 \%\) are heated by fuel oil, and \(10 \%\) are heated by other methods.
A researcher read that firearm-related deaths for people aged 1 to 18 years were distributed as follows: \(74 \%\) were accidental, \(16 \%\) were homicides, and \(10 \%\) were suicides. In her
Use chi-square to determine if the variable shown in the frequency distribution is normally distributed. Use \(\alpha=0.05\). Boundaries Frequency 89.5-104.5 24 104.5-119.5 62 119.5-134.5 72
A researcher wishes to see if there is a relationship between the hospital and the number of patient infections. A random sample of 3 hospitals was selected, and the number of infections for a
A researcher wishes to see if there is a difference between men and women in the type of vehicles they lease. The researcher randomly selects 36 males and 32 females and lists the type of vehicles
A psychologist randomly selected 100 people from each of four income groups and asked them if they were "very happy." For people who made less than \(\$ 30,000,24 \%\) responded yes. For people who
M&M/Mars, the makers of Skittles candies, states that the flavor blend is 20% for each flavor.Skittles is a combination of lemon, lime, orange, strawberry, and grape flavored candies. The
The Senate is expected to vote on a bill to allow the installation of satellite dishes of any size in deed-restricted areas. The House had passed a similar bill. An opinion poll was taken to see
A researcher wishes to see if there is a difference in the fuel economy for city driving for three different types of automobiles: small automobiles, sedans, and luxury automobiles. He randomly
A researcher wishes to see if there is a difference in the number of stories in the tall buildings of Chicago, Houston, and New York City. The researcher randomly selects five buildings in each city
Use the Scheffé test to test each pair of means in Example 12-1 to see if a significant difference exists between each pair of means. Use \(\alpha=0.05\).Example 12-1A researcher wishes to see if
Using the Tukey test, test each pair of means in Example 12-2 to see whether a specific difference exists, at \(\alpha=0.05\). Example 12-2A researcher wishes to see if there is a difference in the
Use the Bonferroni test and \(\alpha=0.05\) to compare each pair of means in Example 12-1.\[H_{0}: \mu_{1}=\mu_{2}\]Example 12-1A researcher wishes to see if there is a difference in the fuel economy
A researcher wishes to see whether the type of gasoline used and the type of automobile driven have any effect on gasoline consumption. Two types of gasoline, regular and high-octane, will be used,
The following set of data values was obtained from a study of people’s perceptions on whether the color of a person’s clothing is related to how intelligent the person looks. The subjects rated
The following set of data values was obtained from a study of people’s perceptions on whether the color of a person’s clothing is related to how intelligent the person looks. The subjects rated
The following outputs are from the result of an analysis of how car sales are affected by the experience of the salesperson and the type of sales technique used. Experience was broken up into four
A study using two random groups of 40 men and 40 women found that the average daily intake of sodium for men was 3653 milligrams and 3482 milligrams for women. Assume that the population standard
A researcher hypothesizes that the average number of sports that colleges offer for males is greater than the average number of sports that colleges offer for females. A random sample of the number
Find the 95\% confidence interval for the difference between the means in Example 9-1. Example 9-1.A study using two random groups of 40 men and 40 women found that the average daily intake of
A study was done to see if there is a difference between the non-mortgage debts of Generation X individuals and Millennials. Random samples of 10 individuals of each group were selected. The average
Find the 95\% confidence interval for the data in Example 9-4.Example 9-4.A study was done to see if there is a difference between the non-mortgage debts of Generation X individuals and Millennials.
A random sample of nine local banks shows their deposits (in billions of dollars) 3 years ago and their deposits (in billions of dollars) today. At \(\alpha=0.05\), can it be concluded that the
A dietitian wishes to see if a person's cholesterol level will change if the diet is supplemented by a certain mineral. Six randomly selected subjects were pretested, and then they took the mineral
Find the 90\% confidence interval for the data in Example 9-7.Example 9-7A dietitian wishes to see if a person's cholesterol level will change if the diet is supplemented by a certain mineral. Six
In the nursing home study mentioned in the chapter-opening Statistics Today, the researchers found that 12 out of 34 randomly selected small nursing homes had a resident vaccination rate of less than
A study of 200 Democrats found that \(68 \%\) believe that the U.S. Census is important for the American economy, while for a random sample of 100 Republicans, \(54 \%\) state that the census is
Find the \(95 \%\) confidence interval for the difference of proportions for the data in Example 9-9.Example 9-9In the nursing home study mentioned in the chapter-opening Statistics Today, the
Find the critical value for a right-tailed \(F\) test when \(\alpha=0.05\), the degrees of freedom for the numerator (abbreviated d.f.N.) are 15, and the degrees of freedom for the denominator
Find the critical value for a two-tailed \(F\) test with \(\alpha=0.05\) when the sample size from which the variance for the numerator was obtained was 21 and the sample size from which the variance
A fast-food manager wishes to see if the variance of the times it takes adult men to eat lunch is different from the variance of the times it takes adult women to eat lunch. The manager selects
A researcher selected a random sample of 10 psychology graduates and found the standard deviation of their grade point average was 0.72 . Then the researcher selected a random sample of 14
The CEO of an airport hypothesizes that the variance in the number of passengers for American airports is greater than the variance in the number of passengers for foreign airports. At
A highway engineer wishes to compare the convenience and safety of two interstate highways in a large city. Two variables to consider are the time it takes to get to a destination and the number of
For a sports podcast, you are asked to research the question whether more home runs are hit by players in the National League or by players in the American League. You decide to use the home run
A company collects data on the lengths of telephone calls made by employees in two different divisions. The sample mean and the sample standard deviation for the sales division are 10.26 and 8.56,
As a researcher for the EPA, you have been asked to determine if the air quality in the United States has changed over the past 2 years. You select a random sample of 10 metropolitan areas and find
You are researching the hypothesis that there is no difference in the percent of public school students who vape and the percent of private school students who vape. You find these results from a
Assume the following data values are from a 2016 Auto Guide. The guide compared various parameters of U.S.- and foreign-made cars. This report centers on the price of an optional automatic
The data show the heights in feet and the number of stories of a random selection of six buildings in Chicago, Illinois. Construct a scatter plot for the data. Height 1136 887 756 668 595 501 Stories
Construct a scatter plot for the data obtained in a study on the number of absences and the final grades of seven randomly selected students from a statistics class. The data are shown here. Student
A meteorologist wishes to see if there is a relationship between the average wind speeds in miles per hour and the maximum wind speeds in miles per hour for seven randomly selected areas. Construct a
Compute the linear correlation coefficient for the data in Example 10-1.Example 10-1The data show the heights in feet and the number of stories of a random selection of six buildings in Chicago,
Compute the value of the linear correlation coefficient for the data obtained in the study of the number of absences and the final grade of the seven students in the statistics class given in Example
Compute the value of the correlation coefficient for the data given in Example 10-3 for the average wind speeds and the maximum wind speeds.Example 10-3A meteorologist wishes to see if there is a
Test the significance of the correlation coefficient found in Example 10-4. Use \(\alpha=0.05\) and \(r=0.927\).
Using Table A-8, test the significance at \(\alpha=0.01\) of the correlation coefficient \(r=0.172\) obtained.
Find the equation of the regression line for the data in Example 10-4, and graph the line on the scatter plot of the data.Example 10-4Compute the linear correlation coefficient for the data in
Find the equation of the regression line for the data in Example 10-5, and graph the line on the scatter plot.Example 10-5Compute the value of the linear correlation coefficient for the data obtained
It was reported in USA TODAY that American adults skip breakfast on average 50 times per year. A researcher selects a random sample of 40 adults and finds that the mean number of times a person
A researcher wishes to test the claim that the average cost of tuition and fees at a four-year public college is greater than \(\$ 5700\). She selects a random sample of 36 four-year public colleges
A researcher claims that the average wind speed in a certain city is 8 miles per hour. A sample of 32 days has an average wind speed of 8.2 miles per hour. The standard deviation of the population is
Find the critical \(t\) value for \(\alpha=0.05\) with d.f. \(=16\) for a right-tailed \(t\) test.
Find the critical \(t\) value for \(\alpha=0.05\) with d.f. \(=21\) for a left-tailed \(t\) test.
Find the critical values for \(\alpha=0.01\) with d.f. \(=14\) for a two-tailed test.
Find the critical value for \(\alpha=0.10\) with d.f. \(=8\) for a right-tailed test.
A medical investigation claims that the average number of infections per week at a hospital in southwestern Pennsylvania is 16.3. A random sample of 10 weeks had a mean number of 17.7 infections. The
A study found that people keep an automobile on average for 6.5 years. A researcher believes that the average time a person keeps their vehicle is less than 6.5 years. A random sample of 10
Find the \(P\)-value when the \(t\) test statistic is 2.056 , the sample size is 11 , and the test is right-tailed.
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