Which National Institute of Standards and Technology buffer(s) would you use to calibrate an electrode for pH measurements in the range 34?

What makes a liquid-based ion-selective electrode specific for one analyte?

What is an absorption spectrum?

Why is it most accurate to measure absorbances in the range A = 0.32?

A spectrum has a signal-to-noise ratio of 8/1. How many spectra must be averaged to increase the signal-to-noise ratio to 20/1?

Express your weight in the units of pounds and newtons, and your mass in the units of slugs and kilograms.

Express your height in the units of inches, feet, and meters.

a. With what initial speed must you throw a ball vertically for it to reach a height of 20 ft? The ball weighs 1 lb. How does your answer change if the ball weighs 2 lb? b. Suppose you want to throw...

A passenger automobile is advertised as having a fuel economy rating of 29 mi/gal for highway driving. Express the rating in the units of km/L.

(a) How many horsepower does a 100-W household lightbulb consume? (b) How many kW does a 5-hp lawn mower engine produce?

Find a real physical example of a mechanical structure or machine that has a moment acting on it. (a) Make a clear, labeled drawing of the situation. (b) Estimate the dimensions, and the magnitudes...

Cable AB on the boom truck is hoisting the 2500-lb section of precast concrete (Figure P4.18). A second cable is under tension P, and workers use it to pull and adjust the position of the concrete...

Grade 1020 steel has a yield strength of 42 ksi and an elastic modulus of 30 Mpsi. Another grade of steel has a yield strength of 132 ksi. What is its elastic modulus?

When a 120-lb woman stands on a snow-covered trail, she sinks slightly into the snow because the compressive stress between her ski boots and the snow is larger than the snow can support without...

As a machinist presses the handles of the compound-action bolt cutters, link AB carries a 7.5-kN force (Figure P5.6). If the link has a 14 x 4-mm rectangular cross section, calculate the tensile...

(a) By using either the vector algebra or polygon methods for finding a resultant, determine the magnitude of F that will cause the net effect of the three forces to act vertically. (b) For that...

In a machine shop, the band saw blade is cutting through a work piece that is fed between the two guide blocks B (Figure P5.8). To what tension P should the blade be set if its stress is to be = ksi...

Determine the elastic modulus and the yield strength for the material having the stressstrain curve shown in Figure P5.11. Use the 0.2% offset method. Figure P5.11 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400...

The steel bolt and anchor assembly is used to reinforce the roof of a passageway in an underground coal mine (Figure P5.13). In installation, the bolt is tensioned to 5000 lb. Calculate the stress,...

The pressure at the bottom of an 18-ft-deep storage tank for gasoline is how much greater than at the top? Express your answer in the units of psi.

Blood pressure is conventionally measured in the dimensions of millimeters in a column of mercury, and the readings are expressed as two numbers, for example, 120 and 80. The first number is called...

Make an order-of-magnitude estimate for a safety floatation device that can be used by children who are playing in a swimming pool. The design concept is for one inflatable, annular, plastic balloon...

Scuba divers carry ballast weights to have neutral buoyancy. At that condition, the buoyancy force on the diver exactly balances weight, and there is no tendency either to float toward the surface or...

For the system in Problem P5.15, assume that two 180-lb workers are going to be standing on the system to repair a bridge, one on each platform. The following design requirement must be met: The...

The small steel plate is connected to the right angle bracket by a 10-mm diameter bolt (Figure P5.20). Determine the tensile stress at point A in the plate and the shear stress in the bolt. Figure...

A detailed view is shown for the connection B in the concrete trough from Problem P4.17 in Chapter 4 (Figure P5.22). Determine the shear stress acting in the shackles 3/8 -in. bolt. Figure P5.22...

The average velocity of blood flowing in a certain 4-mm-diameter artery in the human body is 0.28 m/s. Calculate the Reynolds number and determine whether the flow is laminar or turbulent. The...

A 6-m-high, 4-m-wide rectangular gate is located at the end of an open freshwater tank (Figure P6.6). The gate is hinged at the top and held in place by a force F. From Equation (6.4), the pressure...

(a) For a 1.25-in.-diameter pipe, what is the maximum volumetric flow rate at which water can be pumped and the flow will remain laminar? Express your result in the dimensions of gallons per minute....

A small water droplet in a mist of air is approximated as being a sphere of diameter 1.5 mil. Calculate the terminal velocity as it falls through still air to the ground. Is it reasonable to neglect...

A 175-lb skydiver reaches a terminal velocity of 150 mph during free fall. If the frontal area of the diver is 8 ft 2 , what are: (a) The magnitude of the drag force acting on the skydiver? (b) The...

A 14-mm-diameter sphere is dropped into a beaker of SAE 30 oil. Over a portion of its downward motion, the sphere is measured to fall at 2 m/s. In the units of newtons, what is the drag force acting...

For the system in Problem P6.6, suppose your design requirement was to minimize the force necessary to hold the gate closed. Would you rather put the hinge at the top of the gate or at the bottom?...

An ancient kings supposedly golden crown had a mass of 3 kg, but it was actually made by a dishonest metal smith from an equal mix of gold (1.93 10 4 kg/m 3 ) and silver (1.06 10 4 kg/m 3 ). (a)...

For the parabolic pressure profile in Equation (6.7), show that the average flow velocity is half the maximum value [Equation (6.11)]. Equation 6.7 Equation 6.11 (1 (5) (Special case: Re < 2000) v =...

A submarine releases a spherical flotation buoy containing a radio beacon. The buoy has a diameter of 1 ft and weighs 22 lb. The coefficient of drag for the submerged buoy is C D = 0.45. At what...

Submarines dive by opening vents that allow air to escape from ballast tanks and water to flow in and fill them. In addition, diving planes located at the bow are angled downward to help push the...

A sprinter runs using a force of 200 N and a power output of 600 W. Calculate how many minutes it takes for the runner to run 1 km.

The volume of a parallelepiped can be computed from |A - (B C)|, where A, B, and C define three sides of the parallelepiped (see Figure P34). Compute the volume of a parallelepiped defined by A +...

Aparticular circle is centered at the origin and has a radius of 5. Use MuPAD to find the equation of the line that is tangent to the circle at the point x = 3, y = 4.

In a sandy soil (' = 35; = 18.0 kN/m 3 , and sat = 20.0 kN/m 3 ), the water table is located at a depth of 6 m below the ground level. How deep would you drive a sheet pile to carry out an...

Use MuPAD to prove the following identities: a. sin 2 x = cos 2 x = 1 b. sin(x + y) = sin x cosy + cosx siny c. sin 2 x = 2 sin x cosx d. cosh 2 x - sinh 2 x = 1

A soil profile is shown in Figure P3.3 along with the standard penetration numbers in the clay layer. Use Eqs. (3.8b) and (3.9) to determine the variation of c u and OCR with depth. What is the...

The 20-N horizontal force acts on the handle of the socket wrench. What is the moment of this force about point B. Specify the coordinate direction angles , , of the moment axis. 20 N -200 mm- B A...

A standard penetration test was carried out in a normally consolidated sand at 7.62 m depth where the N 60 was determined to be 28. The unit weight of the sand is 17.29 kN/m 3 , and the grain-size...

Use the general bearing capacity equation [Eq. (6.28)] to solve the following: a. Problem 6.1a b. Problem 6.1b c. Problem 6.1c Eq. (6.28) qu = c'N,FeFcaFeci + qNFqsFqaFqi + >yBN,F,FyaFyi +...

Replace the loading system acting on the post by an equivalent resultant force and couple moment at point A. 650 N 500 N 30 300 N 1500 N m 60 B -3 m 5 m 2 m

The form is used to cast a concrete wall having a width of 5 m. Determine the equivalent resultant force the wet concrete exerts on the form AB if the pressure distribution due to the concrete can be...

A 1500 kN load was applied on two 20 m long and 500 mm diameter piles that were instrumented for measuring the load variation with depth. a. The variation of frictional resistance per unit area, f...

Determine the magnitude of force at the pin A and in the cable BC needed to support the 500-lb load. Neglect the weight of the boom AB. 8 ft 122 35

Redo Problem 12.3 using Coyle and Castellos methods for estimating both Q p and Q s . Problem 12.3 A 500 mm diameter and 20 m long concrete pile is driven into a sand where = 18.5 kN/m 3 and ' = 32....

Determine the force in each member of the truss and state if the members are in tension or compression. Set P1 = 10 kN, P2 = 8 kN. F E 2 m D. A B 2 m P2

Consider a 500 mm diameter pile having a length of 18 m in a clay. Given: = 20.0 kN/m 3 and c u = 60 kN/m 2 . a. Determine the maximum allowable load (Qall) with FS = 3. Use the a method and Table...

A concrete pile 20 m long having a cross section of 0.46 m 0.46 m is fully embedded in a saturated clay layer. For the clay, given: sat = 18 kN/m 3 , = 0, and c u = 80 kN/m 2 . Determine the...

The toggle clamp is subjected to a force F at the handle. Determine the vertical clamping force acting at E.

Consider a continuous flight auger pile in a sandy soil deposit 10 m long with a diameter of 0.45 m. Following is the variation of standard penetration resistance values (N 60 ) with depth. Depth (m)...

A concrete pile 406 mm 406 mm in cross section is shown in Figure P12.13. Calculate the ultimate skin friction resistance by using the a. method [use Eq. (12.61) and Table 12.11] b. method c. ...

The tractor has a weight of 16,000 lb and the coefficient of rolling resistance is a = 2 in. Determine the force P needed to overcome rolling resistance at all four wheels and push it forward. P 2...

The average values of the undrained shear strength (cu) with depth are given as follows: Depth (m) . c u (kN/m 2 ) 03 .. 20 38 .. 35 812 . 80 1216 . 95 If a CFA pile having a diameter of 0.6 m and...

A steel pile (H-section; HP 310 125; see Table 12.1a) is driven into a layer of sandstone. The length of the pile is 25 m. Following are the properties of the sandstone: unconfined compression...

Locate the centroid y of the shaded area. y 4 m 4 4 m

Figure P13.1 shows a drilled shaft in sand. Determine the maximum load that can be allowed on it. Assume ' = 0.6' and allow a factor of safety of 4. Use Berezantzev et al.s Eq. (13.18) for computing...

Locate the centroid y of the shaded area. y 4 m 1 y = 4 - 16 3D4 -8 m

A straight drilled shaft 1.0 m in diameter and 15.0 m long is installed in a sand where ' = 34 and = 18.0 kN/m 3 . a. Determine the load-carrying capacity at the base using the Chen and Kulhawy...

Determine the surface area of the curb. Do not include the area of the ends in the calculation. 100 mm 150 mm 30 4 m 150 mm 150 mm

The plate has a thickness of 0.25 ft and a specific weight of = 180 lb/ft 3 . Determine the location of its center of gravity. Also, find the tension in each of the cords used to support it. 16 ft...

The top 5 m in a site consists of a clay with c u = 80 kN/m 2 . This is underlain by a thick clay deposit with c u = 150 kN/m 2 . A 1.0 m diameter and 15 m long straight drilled shaft is constructed...

Locate the centroid x of the shaded area. y 4 ft 4 ft

Locate the centroid y of the shaded area. 4 ft 4 ft

Locate the centroid y of the shaded area. y =x 100 mm 00 100 mm

Figure P16.8 shows a smooth vertical wall retaining a sandy backfill underlain by clay. Assuming that the entire soil is in the active state, determine the magnitude and location of the resultant...

In Problem 17.1, if there is a possibility that the soil in front of the wall will be removed sometime later, neglect the passive resistance and compute the factors of safety. Problem 17.1 Figure...

Locate the centroid z of the frustum of the right-circular cone. h R- y

It is required to design a cantilever retaining wall to retain a 5.0 m high sandy backfill. The consultant suggests the dimensions and soil properties shown in Figure P17.6 and requires that the wall...

Determine the moment of inertia for the shaded area about the x axis. y y =x/2 1m 1 m

Determine the moment of inertia of the composite area about the y axis. -3 in. 6 in. 3 in. 3 in.

Determine the moment of inertia I x of the shaded area about the x axis. |-100 mm--100 mm150 mm 150 mm 150 mm 75 mm

The following are the burning times of chemical flares of two different formulations. The design engineers are interested in both the mean and variance of the burning times. (a) Test the hypothesis...

In GD&T, which type of dimension should generally be directly toleranced with a plus/minus tolerance?

A spin coater is used to apply photoresist to a bare silicon wafer. This operation usually occurs early in the semiconductor manufacturing process, and the average coating thickness and the...

Complete this table for H 2 O: T, C , U, m/kg Phase description 140 0.035 550 Saturated liquid 125 750 300 0.140

A house is maintained at 1 atm and 24C, and warm air inside a house is forced to leave the house at a rate of 90 m 3 /h as a result of outdoor air at 5C infiltrating into the house through the...

An air-standard Stirling cycle operates with a maximum pressure of 600 psia and a minimum pressure of 10 psia. The maximum volume of the air is 10 times the minimum volume. The temperature during the...

A tube has another tube shrunk over it. The specifications are: Both tubes are made of a plain carbon steel. (a) Find the nominal shrink-fit pressure and the von Mises stresses at the fit surface....

Reconsider Prob. 1-58. Using appropriate software, investigate the effect of the spring force in the range of 0 to 500 N on the pressure inside the cylinder. Plot the pressure against the spring...

An ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle that uses refrigerant-134a as its working fluid maintains a condenser at 800 kPa and the evaporator at 20C. Determine this systems COP and the amount of...

For the system of Figure P2.12 find the transfer function, G(s) = X 1 (s)/F(s). K = 4 N/m -Xj K, = 5 N/m ft) = 3 N-s/mM1 =T'kg Jv2=3N-s/m M2 = 2 kg fva = 2 N-s/m %3D FIGURE P2.12

For the rotational system shown in Figure P2.21, find the transfer function, G(s) = 2 (s)=T(s). |N = 4 F = 2 kg-mHD =I N-m-s/rad N2 = 12in0 D2 = 2 N-m-s/rad 6,() 2 = 1 kg-m-=* K= 64 N-m/rad N4 = 16...

Find the transfer function, 1 (s)/T(s) , for the system shown in Figure P2.19. T(1) 0(1) 1 N-m/rad 1 N-m/rad 1 kg-m? 0000 1 kg-m? 1 N-m-s/rad FIGURE P2.19

For the system of Figure P8.8(a), sketch the root locus and find the following: a. Asymptotes b. Breakaway points c. The range of K for stability d. The value of K to yield a 0.7 damping ratio for...

Repeat Problem 13 for the following transfer function: Data from Problem 13: Use MATLAB to generate the transfer function: in the following ways: a. The ratio of factors; b. The ratio of polynomials....

Represent the translational mechanical system shown in Figure P3.5 in state space, where x 1 (t) is the output. x2(1) M3 = 1 kg x3(1) K = 1 N/m fv, = 1 N-s/m M2 = 2 kg fv, = 1 N-s/m f(1). X1(1) K2 =...

What factors influence the choice of state variables in any system?

A linear, time-invariant model of the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis of the endocrine system with five state variables has been proposed as follows (Kyrylov, 2005): where each of the state...

Use MATLAB to find the transfer function, G(s)=Y(s)/R(s), for each of the following systems represented in state space: a) b) 01 1 5 x+ 1 8 -9 -2 -3 2 y = [1 3 6 6]x 1.

According to the Union of Concerned Scientists (www.ucsusa.org), as of November 2012, there were 502 low Earth orbit (LEO) and 432 geosynchronous orbit (GEO) satellites in space. Each satellite is...

Process Safety Progress (Sept. 2004) reported on an emergency response system for incidents involving toxic chemicals in Taiwan. The system has logged over 250 incidents since being implemented in...

The reliability of a computer system is measured in terms of the life length of a specified hardware component (e.g., the hard disk drive). To estimate the reliability of a particular system, 100...

Find the percent overshoot, settling time, rise time, and peak time for 14.65 T(s) (s2 + 0.842s + 2.93)(s + 5)

A brewery utilizes two bottling machines, but they do not operate simultaneously. The second machine acts as a backup system to the first machine and operates only when the first breaks down during...