1. Why is it necessary for Pebble Beach to try to assert the long-arm statutes in this case?

2. The court analyzes only one part of the three-part test for minimum contacts. Why?

3. How does the court apply precedent in deciding this case?

Pebble Beach Company (“Pebble Beach”), a golf course resort in California, appeals the dismissal for lack of jurisdiction of its complaint against Michael Caddy (“Caddy”), a small-business owner located in southern England. * * * Because Caddy did not expressly aim his conduct at California or the United States, we hold that the district court determined correctly that it lacked personal jurisdiction. * * * Thus, we affirm.