(a) If the lifetime of excited state A is longer than that of another excited state B, then the width of a spectral line due to natural broadening for a transition from state A to the ground state will be (1) smaller than, (2) the same as, (3) greater than that for a transition from state B to the ground state. Why?
(b) Calculate the ratio of the width of a spectral line due to natural broadening for a transition from an excited state with a lifetime of to the ground state to that from a state with a lifetime of to the ground state.