A random sample of 8 observations taken from a population that is normally distributed produced a sample mean of 44.98 and a standard deviation of 6.77. Find the critical and observed values of t and the ranges for the p-value for each of the following tests of hypotheses, using α = .05.
a. H0: µ = 50 versus H1: µ ≠ 50
b. H0: µ = 50 versus H1: µ < 50