A random sample of 800 CMA (Certificate of Management Accounting) test takers who prepared for the exam by taking one of three national CMA preparation courses was selected to determine if test performance and preparation course were related. Results from the survey are shown below.

Use a chi square test of independence to test the proposition that test performance is independent of preparation course. Use a significance level of 5%.

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OBSERVED FREQUENCIES Test Performance Prep Course High Pass Pass i Totals Rogan Palmer CMA A.M.AS Totals 72 170 44 286 40 48 217 15 280 160 530 0 800 143 51 234