Alice, the chair of the School of Accountancy, entertains the faculty at her home each semester and has a holiday party at the end of December for the faculty and their families. When a faculty member is promoted or has a paper published in an exceptionally prestigious journal, Alice hosts a “social hour” at her house. She also sponsors a picnic for the faculty and graduate students at the start of the fall semester to let them get acquainted with each other. To what extent are these expenses deductible?