An 8-in.-diameter grinding wheel, 1 in. wide, is used in a surface grinding operation performed on a flat piece of heat-treated 4340 steel. The wheel is rotating with a surface speed V = 5,000 fpm, depth of cut d = 0.002 in./pass, and cross feed w = 0.15 in. The reciprocating speed of the work is v = 20 ft/min., and the operation is performed dry.

(a) What is the length of contact between the wheel and the work?

(b) What is the volume rate of metal removed?

(c) Letting C = 300, estimate the number of chips formed per time,

(d) What is the average volumer per chip?

(e) If the tangential cutting force on the workpiece is Fc = 10 Ib, what is the specific energy for the operation?