An educational sociologist studied 12 college graduates €“ the entire graduating class of a small college €“ to determine whether their academic achievement as high school students was related to how well they performed in college. As shown, cumulative grade-point average in high school and class rank in college were employed as measures of academic performance:

Determine the strength and direction of correlation between GPA in high school and college class rank for the 12 members of this graduating class. Is it necessary to test the significance of the correlation?

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GPAin College High School Class Rank 3.3 2.9 2.5 4.0 2.8 2.5 3.7 3.8 3.5 2.7 2.6 4.0 12 10 2 4