Are student-athletes at Division I universities poorer students than non-athletes? The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) measures the academic outcomes of student-athletes with the Graduation Success Rate (GSR)-the percentage of eligible athletes who graduate within six years of entering college. According to the NCAA, the GSR for all scholarship athletes at Division I institutions is 63% (Inside Higher Ed, Nov. 10, 2006). It is well known that the GSR for all students at Division I colleges is 60%.

a. Suppose the NCAA report was based on a sample of 500 student-athletes, of which 315 graduated within six years. Is this sufficient information to conclude that the GSR for all scholarship athletes at Division I institutions differs from 60%? Test, using α = .01.

b. The GSR statistics were also broken down by gender and sport. For example, men's Division I college basket ball players had a GSR of 42% (compared with a known GSR of 58% for all male college students). Suppose this statistic was based on a sample of 200 male basketball players, of whom 84 graduated within six years. Is this sufficient information to conclude that the GSR for all male basketball players at Division I institutions differs from 58%? Test, using α = .01.