Bubba's Western Wear is a western hat retailer in Lubbock, Texas. Although Bubba's carries numerous styles of western hats, each hat has approximately the same price and invoice (purchase) cost, as shown in the following table. Sales personnel receive a commission to encourage them to be more aggressive in their sales efforts. Currently, the Lubbock economy is really humming, and sales growth at Bubba's has been great. The business is very competitive, however, and Bubba, the owner, has relied on his knowledgeable and courteous staff to attract and retain customers who otherwise might go to other western wear stores. Because of the rapid growth in sales, Bubba is also finding the management of certain aspects of the business, such as restocking inventory and hiring and training new salespeople, more difficult.

Sales price ...................................................................80

Per unit variable expenses

Purchase cost.............................................................41.5

Sales commissions .......................................................10.5

Total per unit variable costs..................................................52

Total annual fixed expenses

Advertising.............................................................98500

Rent....................................................................146500

Salaries................................................................255000

Total fixed expenses...................................................500000

Required

1. Calculate the annual breakeven point, both in terms of units and in terms of sales dollars. (Show calculations.)

2. If Bubba's sells 20,000 hats, what is its before-tax income or loss? Support your answer by constructing a contribution income statement.

3. If Bubba's sells 32,000 hats, what is its margin of safety (MOS) and margin of safety ratio (MOS%)? Of what interpretive value are these two measures?

4. Bubba is considering the elimination of sales commissions completely and increasing salaries by $160,000 annually. What would be the new breakeven point in units? What would be the before-tax income or loss if 20,000 hats are sold with the new salary plan?

5. Identify and discuss the strategic and ethical issues in the decision to eliminate sales commissions (see requirement 4). How do these strategic concerns affect Bubba's decision?