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Questions and Answers of
Banking
Assume that the one-year U.S. interest rate is 11 percent, while the one-year interest rate in Malaysia is 40 percent. Assume that a U.S. bank is willing to purchase the currency of that country from
Assume that the annual U.S. interest rate is currently 8 percent and Germany’s annual interest rate is currently 9 percent. The euro’s one-year forward rate currently exhibits a discount of 2
The South African rand has a one-year forward premium of 2 percent. One-year interest rates in the United States are 3 percentage points higher than in South Africa. Based on this information, is
Assume that annual interest rates in the United States are 4 percent, while interest rates in France are 6 percent.a. According to IRP, what should the forward rate premium or discount of the euro
The following information is available:• You have $500,000 to invest.• The current spot rate of the Moroccan dirham is $.110.• The 60-day forward rate of the Moroccan dirham is $.108.• The
Assume that Mexico’s economy has expanded significantly, causing a high demand for loanable funds there by local firms. How might these conditions affect the forward discount of the Mexican peso?
Assume that the 30-day forward premium of the euro is -1 percent, while the 90-day forward premium of the euro is 2 percent. Explain the likely interest rate conditions that would cause these
Describe a method for testing whether interest rate parity exists. Why are transaction costs, currency restrictions, and differential tax laws important when evaluating whether covered interest
Before the Asian crisis began, Asian central banks were maintaining a somewhat stable value for their respective currencies. Nevertheless, the forward rate of Southeast Asian currencies exhibited a
Assume that interest rate parity holds. At the beginning of the month, the spot rate of the Canadian dollar is $.70, while the one-year forward rate is $.68. Assume that U.S. interest rates increase
The interest rate in Indonesia is commonly higher than the interest rate in the United States, which reflects a high expected rate of inflation there. Why should Nike consider hedging its future
At the end of this month, you (owner of a U.S. firm) are meeting with a Japanese firm to which you will try to sell supplies. If you receive an order from that firm, you will obtain a forward
The one-year interest rate in Singapore is 11 percent. The one-year interest rate in the United States is 6 percent. The spot rate of the Singapore dollar (S$) is $.50 and the forward rate of the S$
Assume that interest rate parity exists. You expect that the one-year nominal interest rate in the United States is 7 percent, while the one-year nominal interest rate in Australia is 11 percent. The
You go to a bank and are given these quotes: You can buy a euro for 14 pesos. The bank will pay you 13 pesos for a euro. You can buy a U.S. dollar for .9 euros. The bank will pay you .8 euros for a
1. The first arbitrage opportunity relates to locational arbitrage. Holt has obtained spot rate quotations from two banks in Thailand: Minzu Bank and Sobat Bank both located in Bangkok. The bid and
1. Do you think Jim will be able to find a bank that provides him with a more favorable spot rate than his local bank? Explain.2. Do you think that Jim’s bank is likely to provide more reasonable
Does PPP Eliminate Concerns about Long-Term Exchange Rate Risk?Point Yes. Studies have shown that exchange rate movements are related to inflation differentials in the long run. Based on PPP, the
Explain the theory of purchasing power parity (PPP). Based on this theory, what is a general forecast of the values of currencies in countries with high inflation?
Explain the rationale of the PPP theory.
Explain how you could determine whether PPP exists. Describe a limitation in testing whether PPP holds.
Inflation differentials between the United States and other industrialized countries have typically been a few percentage points in any given year. Yet, in many years annual exchange rates between
Explain why PPP does not hold.
Explain the international Fisher effect (IFE). What is the rationale for the existence of the IFE? What are the implications of the IFE for firms with excess cash that consistently invest in foreign
Assume U.S. interest rates are generally above foreign interest rates. What does this suggest about the future strength or weakness of the dollar based on the IFE? Should U.S. investors invest in
Compare and contrast interest rate parity (discussed in the previous chapter), purchasing power parity (PPP), and the international Fisher effect (IFE).
One assumption made in developing the IFE is that all investors in all countries have the same real interest rate. What does this mean?
If investors in the United States and Canada require the same real interest rate, and the nominal rate of interest is 2 percent higher in Canada, what does this imply about expectations of U.S.
Assume that several European countries that use the euro as their currency experience higher inflation than the United States, while two other European countries that use the euro as their currency
Currencies of some Latin American countries, such as Brazil and Venezuela, frequently weaken against most other currencies. What concept in this chapter explains this occurrence? Why don’t all
Japan has typically had lower inflation than the United States. How would one expect this to affect the Japanese yen’s value? Why does this expected relationship not always occur?
Assume that the nominal interest rate in Mexico is 48 percent and the interest rate in the United States is 8 percent for one-year securities that are free from default risk. What does the IFE
Shouldn’t the IFE discourage investors from attempting to capitalize on higher foreign interest rates? Why do some investors continue to invest overseas, even when they have no other transactions
Assume that the inflation rate in Brazil is expected to increase substantially. How will this affect Brazil’s nominal interest rates and the value of its currency (called the real)? If the IFE
How is it possible for PPP to hold if the IFE does not?
Assume that the spot exchange rate of the British pound is $1.73. How will this spot rate adjust according to PPP if the United Kingdom experiences an inflation rate of 7 percent while the United
Assume that the spot exchange rate of the Singapore dollar is $.70. The one-year interest rate is 11 percent in the United States and 7 percent in Singapore. What will the spot rate be in one year
As of today, assume the following information is available:a. Use the forward rate to forecast the percentage change in the Mexican peso over the next year.b. Use the differential in expected
The opening of Russia’s market has resulted in a highly volatile Russian currency (the ruble). Russia’s inflation has commonly exceeded 20 percent per month. Russian interest rates commonly
Before the Asian crisis, many investors attempted to capitalize on the high interest rates prevailing in the Southeast Asian countries although the level of interest rates primarily reflected
Given the conversion of several European currencies to the euro, explain what would cause the euro’s value to change against the dollar according to the IFE.
Beth Miller does not believe that the international Fisher effect (IFE) holds. Current one-year interest rates in Europe are 5 percent, while one year interest rates in the United States are 3
Assume the following information is available for the United States and Europe:a. Does IRP hold?b. According to PPP, what is the expected spot rate of the euro in one year?c. According to the IFE,
The one-year risk-free interest rate in Mexico is 10 percent. The one-year risk-free rate in the United States is 2 percent. Assume that interest rate parity exists. The spot rate of the Mexican peso
How could you use regression analysis to determine whether the relationship specified by PPP exists on average? Specify the model, and describe how you would assess the regression results to
Describe a statistical test for the IFE.
Would PPP be more likely to hold between the United States and Hungary if trade barriers were completely removed and if Hungary’s currency were allowed to float without any government intervention?
Assume that the inflation rates of the countries that use the euro are very low, while other European countries that have their own currencies experience high inflation. Explain how and why the
Assume that Mexico has a one-year interest rate that is higher than the U.S. one-year interest rate. Assume that you believe in the international Fisher effect (IFE) and interest rate parity. Assume
Assume that locational arbitrage ensures that spot exchange rates are properly aligned. Also assume that you believe in purchasing power parity. The spot rate of the British pound is $1.80. The spot
You believe that interest rate parity and the international Fisher effect hold. Assume that the U.S. interest rate is presently much higher than the New Zealand interest rate. You have receivables
The U.S. 3-month interest rate (unannualized) is 1 percent. The Canadian 3-month interest rate (unannualized) is 4 percent. Interest rate parity exists. The expected inflation over this period is 5
Today’s spot rate of the Mexican peso is $.10. Assume that purchasing power parity holds. The U.S. inflation rate over this year is expected to be 7 percent, while the Mexican inflation over this
The Argentine one-year CD (deposit) rate is 13 percent, while the Mexico one-year CD rate is 11 percent and the U.S. one-year CD rate is 6 percent. All CDs have zero default risk. Interest rate
The United States and the country of Rueland have the same real interest rate of 3 percent. The expected inflation over the next year is 6 percent in the United States versus 21 percent in Rueland.
1. What is the relationship between the exchange rates and relative inflation levels of the two countries? How will this relationship affect Blades’ Thai revenue and costs given that the baht is
1. Is Jim’s interpretation of the IFE theory correct?2. If you were in Jim’s position, would you spend time trying to decide whether to hedge the receivables each month, or do you believe that
As an employee of the foreign exchange department for a large company, you have been given the following information:Beginning of YearSpot rate of £ = $1.596Spot rate of Australian dollar (A$) =
Using the information in question 1, determine whether covered interest arbitrage is feasible and, if so, how it should be conducted to make a profit.
Based on the information in question 1 for the beginning of the year, use the international Fisher effect (IFE) theory to forecast the annual percentage change in the British pound’s value over
Assume that at the beginning of the year, the pound’s value is in equilibrium. Assume that over the year the British inflation rate is 6 percent, while the U.S. inflation rate is 4 percent. Assume
What is the difference between the spot, forward, and swap markets? Illustrate each description with an example.
What do current, historical, and average exchange rates mean in the context of foreign currency translation? Which of these rates give rise to translation gains and losses? Which do not?
A foreign currency transaction can be denominated in one currency, yet measured in another. Explain the difference between these two terms using the case of a Canadian dollar borrowing on the part of
What is the difference between a transaction gain or loss and a translation gain or loss?
Briefly explain the nature of foreign currency translation as(a) A restatement process and (b) A remeasurement process.
Compare and contrast features of the major foreign currency translation methods introduced in this chapter. Which method do you think is best? Why?
Under what set of conditions would the temporal method of currency translation be appropriate. Under what set of conditions would the current rate method be appropriate?
What lessons, if any, can be learned from examining the history of foreign currency translation in the United States?
In what way is foreign currency translation tied to foreign inflation?
How does the treatment of translation gains and losses differ between the current and temporal translation methods under FAS No.52, and what is the rationale for the differing accounting treatments?
Assume that your Japanese affiliate reports sales revenue of 250,000,000 yen. Referring to Exhibit 6-1, translate this revenue figure to U.S. dollars using the direct bid spot rate. Do the same using
On April 1, A. C. Corporation, a calendar-year U.S. electronics manufacturer, buys 32.5 million yen worth of computer chips from the Hidachi Company paying 10 percent down, the balance to be paid in
On January 1, the wholly-owned Mexican affiliate of a Canadian parent company acquired an inventory of computer hard drives for its assembly operation. The cost incurred was 15,000,000 pesos when the
U.S. Multinational Corporation’s subsidiary in Bangkok has on its books fixed assets valued at 7,500,000 baht. One-third of the assets were acquired two years ago when the exchange rate was THB40
Sydney Corporation, an Australian-based multinational, borrowed 10,000,000 euros from a German lender at the beginning of the calendar year when the exchange rate was EUR.60 = AUD1. Before repaying
Shanghai Corporation, the Chinese affiliate of a U.S. manufacturer, has the balance sheet shown below. The current exchange rate is $.0.15 = CNY1.Required:a. Translate the Chinese dollar balance
Use the information provided in Exercise 6.Required:a. What would be the translation effect if Shanghai Corporation’s balance sheet were translated by the temporal method assuming the Chinese yuan
Company A is headquartered in Country A and reports in the currency unit of Country A, the Apeso. Company B is headquartered in Country B and reports in the currency unit of Country B, the Bol.
A 100 percent–owned foreign subsidiary’s trial balance consists of the accounts listed as follows. Which exchange rate—current, historical, or average—would be used to translate these
On December 15, MSC Corporation acquires its first foreign affiliate by acquiring 100 percent of the net assets of the Armaselah Oil Company based in Saudi Arabia for 930,000,000 Saudi Arabian
Regents Corporation is a recently acquired U.S. manufacturing subsidiary located on the outskirts of London. Its products are marketed principally in the United Kingdom with sales invoiced in pounds
Based on the arguments presented, what do you think should be the functional currency in this case? MINI CASE The Offshore Investment Fund (OIF) was incorporated in Fairfield,
If history repeats itself and we see a decline in the rate of money growth, what might you expect to happen to?a. Real output?b. The inflation rate?c. Interest rates?
When interest rates fall, how might you change your economic behavior?
Is everybody worse off when interest rates rise?
What is the basic activity of banks?
What are financial markets important to the health of the economy?
What is the typical relationship between interest rates on three-month Treasury bills, long-term Treasury bonds, and Baa corporate bonds?
What effect might a fall in stock prices have on business investment?
What effect might a rise in stock prices have on consumers’ decisions to spend?
How does a fall in the value of the pound sterling affect British consumers?
How does an increase in the value of the pound sterling affect American businesses?
Looking at Figure in which years would your have chosen to visit the Grand Canyon in Arizona rather than the Tower of London?
When the dollar is worth more in relation to currencies of other countries, are you more likely to buy American-made or foreign-made jeans? Are U.S companies that manufacture jeans happier when the
Why is a share of Microsoft common stock an asset for its owner and a liability for Microsoft?
If I can buy a car today for $5,000 and it is worth $10,000 in extra income next year to me because it enables me to get a job as a traveling anvil seller, should I take out a loan from Larry the
Some economists suspect that one of the reasons that economies in developing countries grow so slowly is that they do not have well-developed financial markets. Does this argument make sense?
The U.S economy borrowed heavily from the British in the nineteenth century to build a railroad system. What was the principal debt instrument used? Why did this make both countries better off?
Because corporations do not actually raise any funds in secondary markets, they are less important to the economy than primary market. Comment.
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