Consider each of the following independent situations:
Case A The value of Coca- Cola’s trademark has been estimated as worth billions of dollars. Yet, even though Coca- Cola reports over $ 12 billion of goodwill and other intangible assets, none of this reported value relates to the Coca- Cola trademark, which is unrecognized in the accounts despite its substantial commercial value.
Case B Air Canada purchases Aeroplan Miles ® from Groupe Aeroplan Inc., a separate corporation. Air Canada is an Aeroplan partner providing certain Air Canada’s customers with Aeroplan Miles ® , which can be redeemed by customers for air travel or other rewards acquired by Aeroplan.
Under the CPSA, the companies’ joint agreement, Aeroplan purchases passenger tickets from Air Canada to meet its obligation for the redemption of Aeroplan Miles ® for air travel. The proceeds from the sale of passenger tickets to Aeroplan are included in Advance ticket sales. Revenue related to these passenger tickets is recorded in passenger revenues when transportation is provided. For Aeroplan Miles ® earned by Air Canada customers, Air Canada purchases Aeroplan Miles ® from Aeroplan in accordance with the terms of the CPSA.
The cost of purchasing Aeroplan Miles ® from Aeroplan is accounted for as a sales incentive and charged against passenger revenues when the points are issued, which occurs upon the qualifying air travel being provided to the customer.
Case C Calgary- based Suncor Energy Inc. explores and develops sites within the Alberta oil sands. The company will be responsible for restoring the sites in the future. At 31 Decem-ber 2011, the company reported an estimate of $ 3.43 billion in decommissioning and restoration costs. The following explanation appears in Suncor’s disclosure notes (Note 4— Significant Accounting Estimates and Judgements):
Decommissioning and Restoration Costs The company recognizes liabilities for the future decommissioning and resto-ration of exploration and evaluation assets and property, plant and equipment. These provisions are based on estimated costs, which take into account the antic-ipated method and extent of restoration, technological advances and the possible future use of the site. Actual costs are uncertain and estimates can vary as a result of changes to relevant laws and regulations, the emergence of new technology, operating experience, prices and closure plans.
The expected timing of future decommissioning and restoration may change due to certain factors, including reserve life. Changes to assumptions related to future expected costs, discount rates and timing may have a material impact on the amounts presented.

Required:
For each of the preceding situations, discuss the issues relating to the recognition (or non-recognition) of relevant elements in each company’s financial statements.