During the Bush and Obama administrations, there has been a great deal of discussion about partisanship. Did partisanship have an impact on approval ratings in public polls? The following tables display the approval ratings of both presidents during November of their third year in office (www.gallup.com/poll/124922/Presidential-Approval-Center.aspx?ref=interactive). The first table shows the approval numbers for each president from voters of his own party (Democrats for Obama, Republicans for Bush). The second table shows the approval numbers for each president from voters of the opposition party (Republicans for Obama, Democrats for Bush). The numbers are comparable to the percentages reported by www.gallup.com.

a. Test at a 1% significance level whether the approval ratings by their own party voters are related.
b. Test at a 1% significance level whether the approval ratings by the opposition party voters are related.

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President's Own Party Obama (April 2011) 693 President's Opposition Party Obama Bush (April 2003) 775 Bush (April 2003) (April 2011) Approve Not sure disapprove Approve Not sure/ disapprove 207 125 801 729